Nga Neritan Sejamini<\/p>\n
\u201cPo k\u00ebt\u00eb vit buxheti nuk ka reform\u00eb fiskale!\u201d \u2013 pohoi gazetarja me ton kritik. \u201cSa mir\u00eb q\u00eb nuk ka!\u201d \u2013 ia ktheva un\u00eb. \u201cKur nuk ka ndryshime taksash e rregullash, \u00ebsht\u00eb gj\u00eb e mir\u00eb p\u00ebr biznesin. Paparashikueshm\u00ebria e t\u00eb ardhmes \u00ebsht\u00eb penges\u00eb p\u00ebr bizneset q\u00eb t\u00eb planifikojn\u00eb dhe investojn\u00eb. \u00cbsht\u00eb mir\u00eb kur taksat nuk ndryshojn\u00eb shpesh.\u201d<\/p>\n
Pasi u largova nga studioja, mendova p\u00ebr habin\u00eb e gazetares ndaj kund\u00ebrshtis\u00eb sime p\u00ebr \u2018reformat\u2019.<\/p>\n
Termi \u2018reform\u00eb\u2019 hyri vrullsh\u00ebm n\u00eb fjalorin ton\u00eb pas r\u00ebnies s\u00eb komunizmit si p\u00ebrshkrim i transformimeve q\u00eb Shqip\u00ebria duhej t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmerrte p\u00ebr vendosjen e ekonomis\u00eb s\u00eb tregut dhe demokracis\u00eb. K\u00ebto reforma kalimtare (tranzicioni) ishin jo vet\u00ebm t\u00eb domosdoshme, por n\u00ebnkuptonin edhe di\u00e7ka t\u00eb mir\u00eb. K\u00ebshtu, qysh n\u00eb fillim, \u2018reforma\u2019 u barazua me \u2018t\u00eb mir\u00ebn\u2019.<\/p>\n
Tranzicioni tani ka mbaruar. P\u00ebr \u00e7do vit n\u00ebn komuniz\u00ebm, kemi pasur gati nj\u00eb vit n\u00eb tranzicion p\u00ebr t\u00eb \u00e7b\u00ebr\u00eb pasojat e komunizmit. \u00c7far\u00eb mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhej, u b\u00eb\u2014tashm\u00eb kemi arritur stacionin e fundit, destinacionin, sht\u00ebpin\u00eb. Struktura politike, ekonomike dhe shoq\u00ebrore q\u00eb kemi \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo q\u00eb do t\u00eb kemi p\u00ebrher\u00eb.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb \u2018sht\u00ebpin\u00eb\u2019 ku kemi mb\u00ebrritur nuk ndihemi t\u00eb lumtur. Tranzicioni ishte m\u00eb josh\u00ebs: kur ishim t\u00eb pak\u00ebnaqur me gjendjen, i jepnim shpres\u00eb vetes duke menduar se ajo ishte e p\u00ebrkohshme, se sapo t\u00eb p\u00ebrfundonin reformat e tranzicionit, do ishim m\u00eb mir\u00eb. Ndaj, sa her\u00eb q\u00eb qeverit\u00eb shpallnin reforma t\u00eb reja, ndiheshim mire sepse besonim se ato do ta p\u00ebrshpejtonin arritjen e lumturis\u00eb n\u00eb fund t\u00eb tranzicionit. Kjo mund t\u00eb ishte arsyeja pse gazetarja ndjente se di\u00e7ka mungonte k\u00ebt\u00eb her\u00eb q\u00eb buxheti nuk shoq\u00ebrohej me reform\u00eb fiskale.<\/p>\n
Por reformat e deritanishme t\u00eb tranzicionit kan\u00eb qen\u00eb shpesh sip\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsore, jo rrall\u00eb t\u00eb gabuara dhe gjithmon\u00eb t\u00eb nxitura nga pragmatizmi politik. Pavar\u00ebsisht reformave \u2018historike\u2019, \u2018rilind\u00ebse\u2019, \u2018transformuese\u2019 q\u00eb kemi nd\u00ebrmarr\u00eb, institucionet themelore politike dhe ekonomike t\u00eb vendit nuk kan\u00eb ndryshuar shum\u00eb nga forma q\u00eb ato morr\u00ebn menj\u00ebher\u00eb pas rr\u00ebzimit t\u00eb komunizmit.<\/p>\n
K\u00ebshtu, p\u00ebrshembull, kemi b\u00ebr\u00eb 9 reforma zgjedhore deri tani\u2014shum\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se \u00e7do vend tjet\u00ebr n\u00eb bot\u00eb\u2014dhe prap\u00eb kemi nj\u00eb sistem zgjedhor q\u00eb nuk garanton p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsimin dhe mir\u00ebqeverisjen. Kemi b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb reform\u00eb t\u00eb pashoqe n\u00eb drejt\u00ebsi, por drejt\u00ebsia ende nuk funksionon si\u00e7 duhet. Kemi miratuar nj\u00eb Kushtetut\u00eb t\u00eb re dhe shum\u00eb amendamente t\u00eb saj, por ajo nuk garanton as ndarjen e pushteteve dhe as kontrollin e balancimin e tyre, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb detyra kryesore e nj\u00eb kushtetute.<\/p>\n
Paradoksalisht, pas shum\u00eb reformave, Shqip\u00ebria ende ka nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr reformim t\u00eb sistemit politiko-ekonomik. Ka nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr reformimin e \u2018reformimit\u2019 t\u00eb tranzicionit.<\/p>\n
Por nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebr disa reforma t\u00eb par\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme diskutohet shum\u00eb, disa reforma themelore, t\u00eb domosdoshme jan\u00eb l\u00ebn\u00eb krejt\u00ebsisht n\u00eb heshtje. M\u00eb kryesoret po i p\u00ebrmend m\u00eb posht\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Financimi i partive politike.<\/p>\n
Kam shkruar disa her\u00eb p\u00ebr munges\u00ebn e demokracis\u00eb s\u00eb partive politike. Por problemi m\u00eb i madh i partive \u00ebsht\u00eb fakti se ato jan\u00eb ricikluese parash t\u00eb dyshimta dhe nga evazore t\u00eb m\u00ebdha fiskale. 43 mij\u00eb euro, 18 mij\u00eb euro dhe 11 mij\u00eb euro jan\u00eb dhurimet nga bizneset q\u00eb deklaruan respektivisht tre partit\u00eb kryesore p\u00ebr fushat\u00ebn parlamentare 2021. N\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb, ato marrin miliona euro\u2014t\u00eb gjitha t\u00eb padeklaruara, si nga partit\u00eb ashtu edhe nga dhuruesit.<\/p>\n
Financimi i paligjsh\u00ebm dhe deklarimet e rreme financiare i korrupton dhe kompromenton partit\u00eb q\u00eb para se ato t\u00eb vin\u00eb n\u00eb pushtet. Prandaj pa reformuar financimin e tyre, n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri do t\u00eb ket\u00eb p\u00ebrher\u00eb korrupsion e klienteliz\u00ebm n\u00eb p\u00ebrmasa t\u00eb m\u00ebdha dhe keqqeverisje kronike.<\/p>\n
Menaxhimi financiar i bizneseve.<\/p>\n
Si partit\u00eb, bizneset n\u00eb mas\u00eb falsifikojn\u00eb raportet financiare, duke mbajtur bilance te dyfishta, p\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur taksat. Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb rast\u00ebsi, q\u00eb Shqip\u00ebria ka nivelin m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb t\u00eb raportit t\u00eb ardhura tatimore\u2014prodhimi i p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n
Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, raportimet e rreme financiare jan\u00eb penges\u00eb madhore p\u00ebr zhvillimin e sip\u00ebrmarrjes dhe kapitalizmit n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri. Lindja, n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb Shekullit XVII, e shoq\u00ebrive aksionere\u2014si shk\u00ebputje nga bizneset familjare\u2014\u00ebsht\u00eb novacioni q\u00eb solli lindjen dhe fuqizimin e kapitalizmit dhe transformimin e shoq\u00ebrive per\u00ebndimore. Forma aksionere u mund\u00ebsoi bizneseve burime t\u00eb m\u00ebdha financimi (praktikisht nga \u00e7do individ n\u00eb shoq\u00ebri); shp\u00ebrndau rrezikun e sip\u00ebrmarrjes mes shum\u00eb personave; mund\u00ebsoi menaxhimin profesional t\u00eb bizneseve; dhe mund\u00ebsoi gradualisht z\u00ebvend\u00ebsimin e kapitalit me dijen si faktorin m\u00eb strategjik t\u00eb prodhimit.<\/p>\n
Kompanit\u00eb aksionere kan\u00eb t\u00eb domosdoshme transparenc\u00ebn financiare dhe nuk mund t\u00eb egzistojn\u00eb atje ku raportimet financiare fallsifikohen n\u00eb mas\u00eb. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb shkaku kryesor q\u00eb sip\u00ebrmarrja shqiptare \u00ebsht\u00eb zhvilluar pak n\u00eb k\u00ebto 35 vjet: bizneset vendase vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb mbeten kryesisht biznese me baz\u00eb familjare apo partneritete t\u00eb pak individ\u00ebve; bizneset nuk kan\u00eb ndar\u00eb pron\u00ebsin\u00eb nga menaxhimi\u2014vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb kontrollohen e menaxhohen nga pronar\u00ebt; dhe jan\u00eb kufizuar kryesisht n\u00eb tregti dhe sektor\u00eb ku k\u00ebrkohet pak dije dhe p\u00ebrparim teknologjik.<\/p>\n
Pa u zgjidhur problemi i bilancave t\u00eb dyfishta (raportimeve t\u00eb rreme) sip\u00ebrmarrja shqiptare do t\u00eb mbetet nj\u00ebsoj e pazhvilluar dhe ekonomia e vendit anemike.<\/p>\n
3. Financimi i mediave.<\/p>\n
Nj\u00eb rast kritik i informalitetit financiar \u00ebsht\u00eb ai i mediave. N\u00eb nj\u00eb sistem demokratik, media ka mision t\u2019i sh\u00ebrbej\u00eb interesit publik duke informuar qytetar\u00ebt p\u00ebr vendim-marrjen publike dhe duke i k\u00ebrkuar llogari pushtetit. Por tek ne, mediat i sh\u00ebrbejn\u00eb pushtetit dhe interesave t\u00eb tjera ekonomike, n\u00eb d\u00ebm t\u00eb interesit publik.<\/p>\n
Shkaku \u00ebsht\u00eb financimi\u2014mediat financohen p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb informale, direkt ose indirekt, nga pushteti dhe grupe ekonomike t\u00eb lidhura me pushtetin. M\u00eb keq, koh\u00ebt e fundit shantazhi dhe gjobv\u00ebnia jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb burim i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm financimi p\u00ebr shum\u00eb media.<\/p>\n
Informaliteti (shpesh kriminalizimi) i financimit dhe fallsifikimi i financave \u00e7on n\u00eb kapjen e mediave nga pushteti dhe interesat private. Prandaj, n\u00ebse nuk do t\u00eb zgjidhet problemi i transparenc\u00ebs financiare, mediat nuk do t\u00eb marrin rolin e domosdosh\u00ebm e t\u00eb paz\u00ebvend\u00ebsuesh\u00ebm q\u00eb kan\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri demokratike.<\/p>\n
Administrata publike profesionale.<\/p>\n
Pa administrat\u00eb publike profesioniste nuk mund t\u00eb ket\u00eb as mir\u00ebqeverisje, as demokraci. Por n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri administrata m\u00eb s\u00eb shumti i sh\u00ebrben interesave t\u00eb partis\u00eb n\u00eb pushtet. Partit\u00eb politike jan\u00eb para s\u00eb gjithash struktura t\u00eb pun\u00ebsimit n\u00eb shtet dhe shp\u00ebndarjes s\u00eb favoreve qeveritare p\u00ebr an\u00ebtar\u00ebt, veprimtar\u00ebt dhe financuesit e tyre.<\/p>\n
Njer\u00ebzit mb\u00ebshtesin partin\u00eb t\u00eb fitoj\u00eb zgjedhjet p\u00ebr t\u2019u b\u00ebr\u00eb ose mbetur drejtor\u00eb, shefa, inspektor\u00eb e punonj\u00ebs n\u00eb administrat\u00eb. Polic\u00ebt, m\u00ebsuesit, mjek\u00ebt, jurist\u00ebt, ekspert\u00ebt, specialist\u00ebt duhet t\u00eb mbledhin vota p\u00ebr partin\u00eb n\u00eb vend q\u00eb t\u00eb mbrojn\u00eb, edukojn\u00eb, sh\u00ebrojn\u00eb, ndihmojn\u00eb, zbatojn\u00eb ligjin, hartojn\u00eb politika t\u00eb sh\u00ebndosha publike.<\/p>\n
Pasojat jan\u00eb shkat\u00ebrruese: korrupsion dhe klienteliz\u00ebm t\u00eb kudo gjendur; punonj\u00ebs civil\u00eb mediok\u00ebr dhe pa integritet; ndikim i paligjsh\u00ebm n\u00eb zgjedhje. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb m\u00ebn\u00ebyr\u00eb, politika pushon s\u00eb q\u00ebni konkurenc\u00eb programesh e interesash legjitime dhe kthehet n\u00eb nj\u00eb ankand paraprak p\u00ebr pla\u00e7k\u00ebn q\u00eb do vidhet m\u00eb pas.<\/p>\n
Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb ndoshta sfida m\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb dhe m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb gjithave: krijimi i nj\u00eb administrate profesioniste q\u00eb i sh\u00ebrben ligjit e interesit publik dhe jo partis\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Administrimi jopartiak zgjedhor.<\/p>\n
35 vjet pas r\u00ebnies s\u00eb komunizmit, zgjedhjet n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha nivelet administrohen ende n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb partiake. Kjo rrit koston e zgjedhjeve, krijon hap\u00ebsir\u00eb p\u00ebr manovrime e manipulime partiake, \u00e7favorizon partit\u00eb e vogla e t\u00eb reja. Ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht, num\u00ebrimi i qend\u00ebrzuar i votave krijon vonesa n\u00eb nxjerrjen e rezultateve dhe shum\u00ebfishon mund\u00ebsit\u00eb p\u00ebr manovra partiake.<\/p>\n
Rezultati i k\u00ebtij sistemi jan\u00eb zgjedhje me probleme, kund\u00ebrshtime t\u00eb rezultatit zgjedhor dhe trazira politike. Prandaj, administrim jopartiak i zgjedhjeve, t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn n\u00eb nivelet e ulta, \u00ebsht\u00eb domosdoshm\u00ebri p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar zgjedhjet dhe p\u00ebr t\u00eb hequr nj\u00eb nga shkaqet kryesore t\u00eb munges\u00ebs s\u00eb stabilitetit politik n\u00eb vend.<\/p>\n
Kjo reform\u00eb do t\u00eb mund\u00ebsojn\u00eb uljen e klientelizmit dhe trysnin\u00eb e presioneve partiake, duke i \u00e7liruar partit\u00eb nga \u2018nevoja\u2019 p\u00ebr shp\u00ebrblyer me pun\u00ebsim e favore mij\u00ebra komisioner\u00eb e num\u00ebrues votash.<\/p>\n
List\u00ebs s\u00eb m\u00ebsip\u00ebrme t\u00eb reformave t\u00eb pafolura mund t\u2019i shtohen t\u00eb tjera, por do ishte nj\u00eb artikull m\u00eb i gjat\u00eb. Thelbi i \u00e7\u00ebshtjes \u00ebsht\u00eb se asnj\u00eb nga k\u00ebto probleme themelore nuk do t\u00eb preket nga asnj\u00eb prej partive as n\u00eb k\u00ebto zgjedhje.<\/p>\n
T\u00eb gjitha partit\u00eb duket se preferojn\u00eb mosndryshimin, pavar\u00ebsisht se shum\u00eb flasin p\u00ebr ndryshime t\u00eb m\u00ebdha e reforma t\u00eb thella. Por ndryshimet q\u00eb ato kan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb deri tani nuk prekin thelbin e sistemit politik-ekonomik t\u00eb vendit. K\u00ebto ndryshime i ngjajn\u00eb pohimit \u2018sa m\u00eb shum\u00eb ndryshon, aq m\u00eb shum\u00eb mbetet njesoj\u2019.<\/p>\n
Sh\u00ebnim: Disa imazhe gjenden nga interneti, q\u00eb konsiderohen t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00eb domenin publik. N\u00ebse dikush pretendon pron\u00ebsin\u00eb, ne do t\u00eb citojm\u00eb autorin, ose, sipas k\u00ebrkes\u00ebs, do t\u00eb heqim menj\u00ebher\u00eb imazhin.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Nga Neritan Sejamini \u201cPo k\u00ebt\u00eb vit buxheti nuk ka reform\u00eb fiskale!\u201d \u2013 pohoi gazetarja me ton kritik. \u201cSa mir\u00eb q\u00eb nuk ka!\u201d \u2013 ia ktheva un\u00eb. \u201cKur nuk ka ndryshime taksash e rregullash, \u00ebsht\u00eb gj\u00eb e mir\u00eb p\u00ebr biznesin. Paparashikueshm\u00ebria e t\u00eb ardhmes \u00ebsht\u00eb penges\u00eb p\u00ebr bizneset q\u00eb t\u00eb planifikojn\u00eb dhe investojn\u00eb. \u00cbsht\u00eb mir\u00eb kur […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2037,"featured_media":412824,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[241,364,5380,231,1454,235],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-412823","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-aktualitet","8":"category-koment-opinion","9":"category-kryesore","10":"category-lajme","11":"category-politike","12":"category-vendi"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/412823","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2037"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=412823"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/412823\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":412828,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/412823\/revisions\/412828"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/412824"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=412823"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=412823"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=412823"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}