{"id":54624,"date":"2018-12-16T13:03:41","date_gmt":"2018-12-16T12:03:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/?p=54624"},"modified":"2018-12-16T13:03:41","modified_gmt":"2018-12-16T12:03:41","slug":"histori-si-u-zbulua-qyteti-i-humbur-i-trojes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/en\/histori-si-u-zbulua-qyteti-i-humbur-i-trojes\/","title":{"rendered":"Histori\/ Si u zbulua qyteti i humbur i Troj\u00ebs"},"content":{"rendered":"

Arkeologu gjerman Hajrih Shlieman, ndodhej n\u00eb Turqi n\u00eb fund t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb XIX p\u00ebr nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkim t\u00eb \u00e7uditsh\u00ebm. Ai ishte duke g\u00ebrmuar nj\u00eb vendbanim t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr t\u00eb braktisur. Vendi, i njohur si Hisarlik, njihej vet\u00ebm nga disa specialist\u00eb.<\/p>\n

Teksa po g\u00ebrmonte atje, Shlieman po shpresonte t\u00eb gjente rr\u00ebnojat e qytetit m\u00eb t\u00eb famsh\u00ebm n\u00eb literatur\u00ebn klasike:Troj\u00ebn. Problemi ishte se Troja ndoshta mund t\u00eb mos kishte ekzistuar kurr\u00eb. Poeti i mir\u00ebnjohur grek Homeri, popullarizoi trojan\u00ebt dhe qytetin e tyre tek Iliada dhe Odisea, poemat epike t\u00eb shekullit VIII-t\u00eb t\u00eb E.S.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebto vepra, rr\u00ebfenin historin\u00eb e nj\u00eb lufte 10-vje\u00e7are midis Greqis\u00eb dhe Troj\u00ebs, t\u00eb zhvilluar nga personazhe t\u00eb till\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrjetsh\u00ebm si mbreti Priam dhe Agamemnoni; luft\u00ebtar\u00ebt kurajoz\u00eb, Hektori dhe t\u00eb Akili, dhe t\u00eb mbijetuarit, Odiseu dinak dhe Enea besnik.<\/p>\n

Poemat p\u00ebrshkruajn\u00eb betejat e p\u00ebrgjakshme, aventurat fantastike, veprat heroike dhe pasojat tragjike. Por a ishte Troja nj\u00eb vend i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb? Shlieman shkoi Turqi p\u00ebr t\u00eb d\u00ebshmuar se po. Dhe ai ia doli. Hisarlik, pranohet tashm\u00eb gjer\u00ebsisht si vendodhja e ngjarjeve t\u00eb tregimeve epike t\u00eb Homerit.<\/p>\n

Studimet kan\u00eb zbuluar se kodra 100 metra e lart\u00eb nuk p\u00ebrmban vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb, por n\u00ebnt\u00eb Troja, secila e nd\u00ebrtuar mbi rr\u00ebnojat e asaj q\u00eb ishte m\u00eb par\u00eb. Sot arkeolog\u00ebt e konsiderojn\u00eb Troj\u00ebn e VI-t\u00eb, si kandidaten m\u00eb t\u00eb mundshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb qen\u00eb Troja e Homerit. Ky qytet daton nga rreth vitit 1700-1250 P.E.S, dhe qytetar\u00ebt e saj jetuan n\u00eb koh\u00ebra dinamike.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrgjat\u00eb disa shekujve, Troja u shkat\u00ebrrua n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritur, por nj\u00eb qytet i ri do t\u00eb ngrihej shpejt n\u00eb rr\u00ebnojat e t\u00eb fundit. Njer\u00ebzit jetuan atje deri n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn e ngritjs s\u00eb Perandoris\u00eb Romake. Rr\u00ebnojat mund t\u00eb shihen ende sot, rreth 350 km n\u00eb jugper\u00ebndim t\u00eb Stambollit.<\/p>\n

N\u00eb lindje t\u00eb tyre ndodhej Perandoria Hitite n\u00eb r\u00ebnie dhe n\u00eb per\u00ebndim, Grek\u00ebt Mikenas q\u00eb ishin t\u00eb plotfuqish\u00ebm. Vet\u00eb Troja zuri nj\u00eb vend strategjik, q\u00eb komandonte hyrjen n\u00eb at\u00eb q\u00eb sot njihet si Ngushtica e Dardaneleve. Kushdo q\u00eb zot\u00ebronte Troj\u00ebn, do t\u00eb kontrollonte trafikun p\u00ebrgjat\u00eb rrug\u00ebs tregtare tejet t\u00eb frekuentuar, nj\u00eb fakt q\u00eb nuk do t\u2019i shp\u00ebtonte rival\u00ebve t\u00eb tyre grek\u00eb.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Megjithat\u00eb, p\u00ebrshkrimi i Homerit p\u00ebr Troj\u00ebn, sillet m\u00eb tep\u00ebr rreth pasioneve dhe jo politik\u00ebs. Ai fillon me lidhjen dashurore midis princit t\u00eb Troj\u00ebs, Paridit, dhe Helen\u00ebs, gruas s\u00eb mbretit spartan Menelau, v\u00ebllait t\u00eb Agamemnonit t\u00eb fuqish\u00ebm, udh\u00ebheq\u00ebs i ushtris\u00eb greke.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye grek\u00ebt sulmuan Troj\u00ebn, duke shkaktuar luft\u00eb midis dy kombeve, dhe nj\u00eb rrethim nj\u00eb dekad\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb, q\u00eb mori fund me fitoren e grek\u00ebve, p\u00ebrmes dredhis\u00eb s\u00eb famshme t\u00eb kalit prej druri. N\u00eb fakt, motivet p\u00ebr nj\u00eb luft\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb ishin ndoshta m\u00eb pragmatike.<\/p>\n

Pavar\u00ebsisht n\u00ebse ka ekzituar apo jo nj\u00eb Helen\u00eb aq e bukur, sa q\u00eb pamja e fytyr\u00ebs s\u00eb saj do t\u00eb niste kund\u00ebr Troj\u00ebs 1 mij\u00eb anije, vlera komerciale dhe strategjike e Troj\u00ebs e b\u00ebri at\u00eb nj\u00eb objektiv t\u00eb d\u00ebshiruesh\u00ebm p\u00ebr secilin nga fqinj\u00ebt e saj. Qytetar\u00ebt e Troj\u00ebs i kishin parashikuar k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimet e jashtme.<\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Ata kishin nd\u00ebrtuar nj\u00eb mur mbrojt\u00ebs, dhe madje kishin hapur llogore p\u00ebr t\u00eb penguar karrocat e luft\u00ebs, mjetet kryesore t\u00eb sulmit t\u00eb bot\u00ebs s\u00eb lasht\u00eb. Problemet duket se mbrrit\u00ebn kulmin rreth vitit 1250 P.E.S, kur mbetjet arkeologjike tregojn\u00eb shenja t\u00eb nj\u00eb sulmi dhe nj\u00eb zjarri shkat\u00ebrrues.<\/p>\n

Por ne s\u2019mund t\u00eb themi se kush kan\u00eb qen\u00eb sulmuesit, apo n\u00ebse shkat\u00ebrrimi \u00ebsht\u00eb shkaktuar nga nj\u00eb veprim i vet\u00ebm, apo nj\u00eb seri sulmesh me kalimin e koh\u00ebs. Aty ky zhduket siguria e arkeologjis\u00eb, ne mund t\u2019i drejtohemi vet\u00ebm poezis\u00eb s\u00eb lasht\u00eb p\u00ebr r\u00ebnien e Troj\u00ebs.<\/p>\n

Iliada e Homerit, e parathot\u00eb r\u00ebnien e qytetit, por ndalet pak n\u00eb shkat\u00ebrrimin e tij. N\u00eb vazhdimin e historis\u00eb tek Odisea, fundi i luft\u00ebs p\u00ebrmendet si nj\u00eb lloj retrospektive. Me kalimin e shekujve, autor\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb i kan\u00eb shtuar elemente historis\u00eb origjinale, por vet\u00ebm fragmente t\u00eb veprave t\u00eb tyre kan\u00eb mbijetuar.<\/p>\n

K\u00ebto p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb dy kapituj t\u00eb Iliupersis, nj\u00eb tekst q\u00eb daton ndoshta nga shekulli i VII P.E.S, i cili i referohet shkat\u00ebrrimit t\u00eb qytetit. M\u00eb shum\u00eb detaje rreth dit\u00ebve t\u00eb fundit t\u00eb Troj\u00ebs jan\u00eb shkruar shekuj m\u00eb von\u00eb. K\u00ebto p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb Eneid\u00ebn e Virgilit, nga rreth shekullit I P.E.S dhe Posthomerik\u00ebn e Kuintus Smirnaus, shkruar gjat\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb tret\u00eb E.S.<\/p>\n

Kuintusi e nis historin\u00eb e tij aty ku e l\u00eb Iliada e Homerit:funerali i Hektorit, birit t\u00eb Priamit dhe trash\u00ebgimtarit t\u00eb fronit t\u00eb Troj\u00ebs. Sipas tij, qyteti dukej i destinuar t\u00eb rr\u00ebnohej pas vdekjes s\u00eb Hektorit, luft\u00ebtarit m\u00eb t\u00eb madh t\u00eb Troj\u00ebs. Megjithat\u00eb, disa trojan\u00eb vazhduan t\u00eb ken\u00eb shpres\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb fitore, nd\u00ebrsa prisnin ardhjen e aleat\u00ebve p\u00ebr t\u2019i ndihmuar n\u00eb heqjen e rrethimit.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebrforcimet e para, ishin luft\u00ebtaret Amazona t\u00eb Mbret\u00ebresh\u00ebs Pentesilea, q\u00eb gjithsesi s\u2019mund\u00ebn t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajn\u00eb p\u00ebrparimin e t\u00ebrbuar t\u00eb luft\u00ebtar\u00ebve gati t\u00eb pathyesh\u00ebm t\u00eb Akilit. Pas amazonave mb\u00ebrrit\u00ebn etiopian\u00ebt. Etiopia e p\u00ebrmendur nga Homeri, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb vend i larg\u00ebt n\u00eb brigjet e lumit mitik Oqean, ndoshta i identifikuesh\u00ebm me Nilin.<\/p>\n

Ky vend, kishte furnizuar prej koh\u00ebsh me mercenar\u00eb faraon\u00ebt egjiptian\u00eb. Ushtria etiopiane, e urdh\u00ebruar nga Mbreti Memnon, q\u00ebndroi si vija e fundit e mbrojtjes midis Akilit dhe port\u00ebs s\u00eb Troj\u00ebs. T\u00eb dy luft\u00ebtar\u00ebt, ran\u00eb dakord ta vendosin fatin e luft\u00ebs me nj\u00eb betej\u00eb t\u00eb vetme mes t\u00eb dyve.<\/p>\n

N\u00ebn diellin p\u00ebrv\u00eblues, ata p\u00ebrleshen eg\u00ebrsisht, dhe n\u00eb nj moment Akili arrin t\u00eb vras\u00eb Memnonin. Fitorja i takoi Akilit, por nuk zgjati shum\u00eb. Princi i Troj\u00ebs, Paridi, e pa duelin nga bedenet e murreve mbrojt\u00ebse t\u00eb qytetit. Teksa Akili po b\u00ebhej gati t\u00eb sulmonte qytetin, Paridi, i udh\u00ebhequr nga Per\u00ebndoria Apollon, godet me shigjet\u00eb Akilin n\u00eb pik\u00ebn e tij t\u00eb dob\u00ebt \u2013 themb\u00ebr.<\/p>\n

P\u00ebr tmerrin e grek\u00ebve, heroi i tyre vdes. Befas, 10 vjet lufte rraskapit\u00ebse, duken t\u00eb kota. Komandanti grek, mbreti Agamemnon, urdh\u00ebron t\u00ebrheqjen. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb moment nd\u00ebrhyn Odiseu, dredhia e t\u00eb cilit me kalin e drunjt\u00eb ndryshoi rrjedh\u00ebjne historis\u00eb. Grek\u00ebt masakrojn\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb trojan\u00ebt q\u00eb gjejn\u00eb dhe i v\u00ebn\u00eb zjarrin qytetit. Sipas Virgjilit, nga masakra arrin t\u00eb shp\u00ebtoj\u00eb vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb luft\u00ebtar i luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Troj\u00ebs:Enea.<\/p>\n

Ai u arratias n\u00eb Itali, ku do t\u00eb gjente nj\u00eb Troj\u00eb t\u00eb re, qytetin e njohur tani si Roma. Historia e Troj\u00ebs, ka personazhe t\u00eb paharrueshme, por ndoshta figura interesante e saj, \u00ebsht\u00eb ajo p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn nuk flitet kurr\u00eb \u2013 kali prej druri. Ky simbol \u00ebsht\u00eb risjell\u00eb n\u00eb let\u00ebrsi, poezi, art dhe kinema. Teorit\u00eb rreth kalit prej druri jan\u00eb t\u00eb shumta.<\/p>\n

Sipas nj\u00ebr\u00ebs prej tyre, kali ishte nj\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsim poetik i anijeve prej druri me t\u00eb cilat grek\u00ebt mb\u00ebrrit\u00ebn n\u00eb Troj\u00eb. Nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr sugjeron se qytetin e tradh\u00ebtoi po nj\u00eb trojan, duke skicuar nj\u00eb kal\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb port\u00eb sekrete, si nj\u00eb shenj\u00eb p\u00ebr grek\u00ebt. T\u00eb tjer\u00eb theksojn\u00eb se kuajt ishin t\u00eb lidhur ngusht\u00eb me per\u00ebndin\u00eb Poseidon.<\/p>\n

Studiuesit e koh\u00ebve t\u00eb fundit, kan\u00eb ofruar nj\u00eb teori m\u00eb pragmatike, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb at\u00eb sipas s\u00eb cils kali prej druri ishte n\u00eb fakt nj\u00eb mjet i p\u00ebrdorur gjat\u00eb rrethimit. Nj\u00eb pajisje e till\u00eb mund t\u00eb shihet n\u00eb nj\u00eb baso-reliev asirian nga pallati i Asurnasirpalit II (883-859 pes) n\u00eb Nimrod.<\/p>\n

Por edhe n\u00ebse ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb shpjegim i k\u00ebnaqsh\u00ebm, mbeten ende shum\u00eb pik\u00ebpyetje: Kush ishin njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb sulmuan Troj\u00ebn? Dhe kush ishin trojan\u00ebt q\u00eb luftuan kaq shum\u00eb dhe n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb d\u00ebshp\u00ebruar p\u00ebr ta shp\u00ebtuar at\u00eb nga flak\u00ebt?<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Arkeologu gjerman Hajrih Shlieman, ndodhej n\u00eb Turqi n\u00eb fund t\u00eb shekullit t\u00eb XIX p\u00ebr nj\u00eb k\u00ebrkim t\u00eb \u00e7uditsh\u00ebm. Ai ishte duke g\u00ebrmuar nj\u00eb vendbanim t\u00eb vjet\u00ebr t\u00eb braktisur. Vendi, i njohur si Hisarlik, njihej vet\u00ebm nga disa specialist\u00eb. Teksa po g\u00ebrmonte atje, Shlieman po shpresonte t\u00eb gjente rr\u00ebnojat e qytetit m\u00eb t\u00eb famsh\u00ebm n\u00eb literatur\u00ebn […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2044,"featured_media":54626,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[334,337,234],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-54624","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-histori","8":"category-kulture","9":"category-kuriozitete"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54624","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2044"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=54624"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/54624\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/54626"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=54624"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=54624"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=54624"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}