A do t\u00eb jen\u00eb pasardh\u00ebsit tan\u00eb sajborg\u00eb (njer\u00ebz gjysm\u00eb robot) me makineri t\u00eb teknologjis\u00eb s\u00eb fundit t\u00eb vendosura n\u00eb trup, me gjymtyr\u00eb q\u00eb rriten s\u00ebrish dhe kamera n\u00eb vend t\u00eb syve si ndonj\u00eb personazh i dal\u00eb nga filmat fantastiko shkencor\u00eb?<\/p>\n
A do t\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb njer\u00ebzit n\u00eb qenie hibride gjysm\u00eb biologjik dhe gjysm\u00eb artificial?<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Apo do t\u00eb b\u00ebhemi m\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb ose m\u00eb t\u00eb shkurt\u00ebr, m\u00eb t\u00eb holl\u00eb ose m\u00eb t\u00eb trash\u00eb, ose madje edhe me karakteristika t\u00eb reja t\u00eb fytyr\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb ngjyr\u00ebs s\u00eb trupit?<\/p>\n
Sigurisht, ne nuk e dim\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb, por p\u00ebr t\u00eb analizuar k\u00ebt\u00eb pyetje, le t\u00eb shkojm\u00eb prapa n\u00eb koh\u00eb, rreth nj\u00eb milion vite m\u00eb par\u00eb, q\u00eb t\u00eb shohim se si dukeshin njer\u00ebzit at\u00ebher\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Si fillim, Homo sapiensi nuk ekzistonte.<\/p>\n
Nj\u00eb milion\u00eb vite m\u00eb par\u00eb, me shum\u00eb mund\u00ebsi kishte disa lloje njer\u00ebzish, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb edhe Homo heidelbergensis, i cili kishte ngjashm\u00ebri me Homo erektus dhe njer\u00ebzit modern, por nj\u00eb anatomi m\u00eb primitive se sa neandertali.<\/p>\n
Por n\u00eb historin\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb hershme, gjat\u00eb 10 000 viteve t\u00eb fundit, ka pasur ndryshime t\u00eb konsiderueshme me t\u00eb cilat njer\u00ebzit duhej t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtateshin. T\u00eb jetuarit me bujq\u00ebsi dhe ushqimi me boll\u00ebk ka sjell probleme sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsore q\u00eb jemi detyruar t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim shkenc\u00ebn p\u00ebr t\u2019i zgjidhur, si p\u00ebr shembull trajtimi i diabetit me insulin\u00eb. N\u00eb aspektin e pamjes, njer\u00ebzit jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb sh\u00ebndosh\u00eb dhe n\u00eb disa zona m\u00eb t\u00eb gjat\u00eb.<\/p>\n
\u201cNdoshta, do t\u00eb evoluojm\u00eb duke u b\u00ebr\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb vegj\u00ebl q\u00eb trupi jon\u00eb t\u00eb ket\u00eb nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr m\u00eb pak energji\u201d, sugjeron, Thomas Mailund, profesor i asociuar n\u00eb bioinformatik\u00eb n\u00eb universitetin \u201cAarhus\u201d, n\u00eb Danimark\u00eb.<\/p>\n
\u201cKjo do t\u00eb ishte e dobishme n\u00eb nj\u00eb planet shum\u00eb t\u00eb populluar\u201d, thekson ai.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb nj\u00eb planet t\u00eb mbushur plot me njer\u00ebz, mbajtja mend e emrave t\u00eb njer\u00ebzve do t\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb element shum\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb aspekt hyn n\u00eb loj\u00eb teknologjia.<\/p>\n
\u201cNj\u00eb pajisje n\u00eb tru do t\u00eb na mund\u00ebsonte q\u00eb t\u00eb kujtonim emrat e njer\u00ebzve. Kjo duket si fantazi. Por n\u00eb fakt jemi n\u00eb gjendje q\u00eb ta b\u00ebjm\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb. Aktualisht mund t\u00eb vendosim nj\u00eb pajisje n\u00eb tru, por ende nuk dim\u00eb si ta lidhim at\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb e dobishme. Jemi duke iu afruar, por p\u00ebr momentin \u00ebsht\u00eb vet\u00ebm eksperimentale\u201d, thot\u00eb Thomas.<\/p>\n
T\u00eb gjith\u00eb kemi d\u00ebgjuar p\u00ebr foshnje t\u00eb parap\u00ebrcaktuara. Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt e kan\u00eb q\u00eb tani teknologjin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndryshuar gjenet e nj\u00eb embrioni, pavar\u00ebsisht kritikave t\u00eb shumta dhe p\u00ebr momentin askush nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb i sigurt p\u00ebr at\u00eb q\u00eb do t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb m\u00eb pas. Por n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen, Mailund sugjeron se mund t\u00eb konsiderohet si jo etike q\u00eb disa gjene t\u00eb mos i ndryshojn\u00eb. Me k\u00ebt\u00eb, mund t\u00eb kemi n\u00eb dor\u00eb pamjen e nj\u00eb foshnje, pra ndoshta njer\u00ebzit do t\u00eb duken ashtu si\u00e7 d\u00ebshirojn\u00eb prind\u00ebrit e tyre.<\/p>\n
Me p\u00ebrparimet n\u00eb fush\u00ebn e gjenetik\u00ebs, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt po kuptojn\u00eb gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb mir\u00eb ndryshimet gjenetike dhe si ndodhin k\u00ebto n\u00eb popullsin\u00eb njer\u00ebzore.<\/p>\n
Normalisht q\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb parashikohet me sakt\u00ebsi se si do t\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb variacionet gjenetike, por shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt e sektorit t\u00eb bioinformatik\u00ebs po analizojn\u00eb trendet demografike p\u00ebr t\u00eb na dh\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb ide.<\/p>\n
Hodgson, parashikon se \u201cnjer\u00ebzit e zonave urbane dhe rurale do t\u00eb dallojn\u00eb shum\u00eb me nj\u00ebri-tjetrin. Migracioni nga zonat rurale drejt qyteteve b\u00ebn q\u00eb t\u00eb rritet diversiteti gjenetik n\u00eb qytete dhe t\u00eb bier n\u00eb zonat rurale\u201d.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr disa grupe riprodhohen m\u00eb shum\u00eb dhe disa m\u00eb pak. Popullsit\u00eb n\u00eb Afrik\u00eb, p\u00ebr shembull, por zgjerohen me shpejt\u00ebsi k\u00ebshtu q\u00eb k\u00ebto gjene po rriten me nj\u00eb frekuenc\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb n\u00eb nivel global. Nd\u00ebrsa zonat ku ngjyra e l\u00ebkur\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb me e \u00e7el\u00ebt por riprodhohen m\u00eb me ngadal\u00eb. P\u00ebr pasoj\u00eb ngjyra e l\u00ebkur\u00ebs nga nj\u00eb perspektiv\u00eb globale do t\u00eb b\u00ebhet m\u00eb e err\u00ebt.<\/p>\n
\u201cPres q\u00eb mesatarja e personave disa gjenerata m\u00eb von\u00eb do t\u00eb ken\u00eb ngjyr\u00eb t\u00eb l\u00ebkur\u00ebs m\u00eb t\u00eb err\u00ebt nga tani\u201d, thot\u00eb Hodgson.<\/p>\n
Po n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb? N\u00ebse njer\u00ebzit arrijn\u00eb t\u00eb kolonizojn\u00eb Marsin, si do t\u00eb evoluojm\u00eb? Me gravitet m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt, muskujt e trupit ton\u00eb mund t\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb struktur\u00ebn. Ndoshta do t\u00eb kemi duar dhe k\u00ebmb\u00eb t\u00eb gjata.<\/p>\n
Madje n\u00eb nj\u00eb klim\u00eb t\u00eb ftoht\u00eb, t\u00eb ngjashme me epok\u00ebn e akullnajave, mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhemi m\u00eb t\u00eb vegj\u00ebl, me trupin t\u00eb mbuluar nga qime izoluese, nj\u00ebsoj si paraardh\u00ebsit tan\u00eb t\u00eb neandertalit.<\/p>\n
\u201cNe nuk e dim\u00eb, por, sigurisht, variacioni gjenetik i njeriut por rritet. Kudo n\u00eb bot\u00eb, \u00e7do vit, ka gati dy ndryshime t\u00eb reja p\u00ebr secilin prej 3,5 miliard\u00eb \u00e7iftet kromozomike t\u00eb gjenomit t\u00eb njeriut\u201d, thot\u00eb Hodgson.<\/p>\n
Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb e jasht\u00ebzakonshme dhe me shum\u00eb mund\u00ebsi \u00ebsht\u00eb gati e pamundur q\u00eb pas nj\u00eb milion vitesh do t\u00eb dukemi po nj\u00ebsoj.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
A do t\u00eb jen\u00eb pasardh\u00ebsit tan\u00eb sajborg\u00eb (njer\u00ebz gjysm\u00eb robot) me makineri t\u00eb teknologjis\u00eb s\u00eb fundit t\u00eb vendosura n\u00eb trup, me gjymtyr\u00eb q\u00eb rriten s\u00ebrish dhe kamera n\u00eb vend t\u00eb syve si ndonj\u00eb personazh i dal\u00eb nga filmat fantastiko shkencor\u00eb? A do t\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb njer\u00ebzit n\u00eb qenie hibride gjysm\u00eb biologjik dhe gjysm\u00eb artificial? Apo […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2044,"featured_media":55265,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[334,234,194,233,206,205],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-55257","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-histori","8":"category-kuriozitete","9":"category-lifestyle","10":"category-shendeti","11":"category-shkence","12":"category-teknologji"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55257","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2044"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=55257"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/55257\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/55265"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=55257"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=55257"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=55257"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}