T\u00eb rinj q\u00eb duan t\u00eb largohen, t\u00eb kualifikuar q\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb pun\u00eb jasht\u00eb, prind\u00ebr q\u00eb mbesin t\u00eb vetmuar n\u00eb pleq\u00ebri. Emigrimi po e godet fort Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb. Ekspert\u00ebt k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb strategji t\u00eb posa\u00e7me p\u00ebr p\u00ebrballimin e fenomenit.<\/p>\n
Nga Deutsche Welle<\/strong><\/p>\n Shprehja “guri i r\u00ebnd\u00eb n\u00eb vendin e vet\u201d duket se nuk po vlen m\u00eb p\u00ebr shqiptar\u00ebt. Me syt\u00eb p\u00ebrtej kufirit, themelet e s\u00eb ardhmes ata k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb medoemos t’i hedhin larg Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb. Nj\u00eb val\u00eb t\u00eb re emigrimi paralajm\u00ebrojn\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e Zyr\u00ebs Europiane t\u00eb Mb\u00ebshtetjes s\u00eb Azilant\u00ebve (EASO), teksa raportojn\u00eb se rreth 12.000 shqiptar\u00eb kan\u00eb aplikuar p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb p\u00ebr azil n\u00eb nj\u00eb nga vendet e Bashkimit Europian, vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr periudh\u00ebn janar-korrik 2019. Ve\u00e7 tyre, 2000 shqiptar\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb kan\u00eb tentuar rishtazi p\u00ebr ta fituar k\u00ebt\u00eb status.<\/p>\n <\/ins><\/div>\n<\/div>\n P\u00ebrse emigrojn\u00eb shqiptar\u00ebt?<\/strong><\/p>\n Nj\u00eb situat\u00eb e till\u00eb i ka nxitur sociolog\u00ebt, psikolog\u00ebt dhe ekpert\u00ebt e ekonomis\u00eb t\u00eb hulumtojn\u00eb mbi arsyet e k\u00ebtij largimi masiv. Eksperti i ekonomis\u00eb Zef Pre\u00e7i b\u00ebn p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebs standartin e ul\u00ebt t\u00eb jetes\u00ebs, nivelin e lart\u00eb t\u00eb papun\u00ebsis\u00eb, si dhe nivelin e ul\u00ebt t\u00eb pagave, sipas tij m\u00eb e ulta n\u00eb rajon. Duke iu referuar Institutit te Statistikave ai shton se paga mesatare mujore bruto p\u00ebr nj\u00eb t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuar me pag\u00eb, gjat\u00eb tremujorit t\u00eb par\u00eb 2019, ishte 51.531 lek\u00eb. “Ky largim tregon pasigurin\u00eb e tyre p\u00ebr t\u00eb ardhmen\u201d, vler\u00ebson psikologia Arjana Mu\u00e7aj, e specializuar n\u00eb psikologjin\u00eb sociale. “Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb edhe pasqyr\u00eb se si funksionon demokracia n\u00eb vendin ton\u00eb, pasi respektimi i t\u00eb drejtave t\u00eb njeriut pothuajse nuk ekziston ose nuk\u00a0 vler\u00ebsohet sa duhet\u201d.<\/p>\n P\u00ebr sociologun G\u00ebzim Tushi arsye t\u00eb forta p\u00ebr t’u larguar nga Shqip\u00ebria jan\u00eb edhe synimet p\u00ebr karrier\u00eb\u00a0dhe shkollim. “Disa jan\u00eb pesimist\u00eb me situat\u00ebn politike, konfliktet e vazhdueshme dhe natyrisht me munges\u00ebn e sistemit meritokratik\u201d- shton Tushi.<\/p>\n Rinia n\u00eb largim<\/strong><\/p>\n Nj\u00eb jet\u00eb larg Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb duket t\u00eb jet\u00eb \u00ebndrra edhe e shum\u00eb t\u00eb rinjve shqiptar\u00eb. N\u00eb nj\u00eb sondazh t\u00eb kryer nga Fondacioni “Friederich Ebert\u201d\u00a0 (2018\/2019) 40% e t\u00eb pyeturve kan\u00eb shprehur d\u00ebshir\u00ebn t\u00eb ikin nga Shqip\u00ebria. Destinacioni m\u00eb i preferuar \u00ebsht\u00eb Gjermania. Specialist\u00ebt pajtohen me mendimin se largimi i t\u00eb rinjve nga Shqip\u00ebria vjen si rrjedhoj\u00eb e arsimit jocil\u00ebsor dhe papun\u00ebsis\u00eb. Referuar t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb INSTAT shkalla zyrtare e papun\u00ebsis\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb rinjt\u00eb sh\u00ebnoi 22,2 % n\u00eb tremujorin e par\u00eb t\u00eb 2019.<\/p>\n “P\u00ebr t\u00eb demotivuar largimin e t\u00eb rinjve \u00ebsht\u00eb e udh\u00ebs t\u00eb rregullojm\u00eb p\u00ebrputhjen e kurrikulave dhe diplomave universitare me tregun e pun\u00ebs\u201d- thot\u00eb p\u00ebr D\u00eb, sociologu G\u00ebzim Tushi.\u201dMbi t\u00eb gjitha duhet t\u00eb rregullohet sistemi i vlerave dhe merit\u00ebs, t\u00eb goditen preferencat nepotike, partiake n\u00eb trajtimin e t\u00eb rinjve\u201d.<\/p>\n Edhe pse largimi i t\u00eb rinjve nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb fenomen vet\u00ebm shqiptar, psikologia Mu\u00e7aj n\u00ebnvij\u00ebzon se “ka nj\u00eb ndryshim\u00a0 t\u00eb madh pasi t\u00eb rinjt\u00eb e huaj kthehen n\u00eb vendet e tyre p\u00ebr t\u00eb sjell\u00eb eksperienc\u00ebn e fituar, nd\u00ebrsa t\u00eb rinjt\u00eb shqiptar\u00eb as q\u00eb\u00a0 e mendojn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb si mund\u00ebsi.\u201d K\u00ebt\u00eb largim Pre\u00e7i e quan nj\u00eb humbje t\u00eb investimit q\u00eb vet\u00eb shteti shqiptar ka b\u00ebr\u00eb, e q\u00eb do t\u00eb ndihet edhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhmen. “S\u00eb bashku me ta edhe shuma t\u00eb konsiderueshme prej disa qindra miliona Eurosh jan\u00eb larguar nga vendi dhe vet\u00ebm nje perqindje e vogel e k\u00ebtij investimi \u00ebsht\u00eb rikthyer apo pritet t\u00eb rikthehet n\u00eb vendin ton\u00eb\u201d,\u00a0thot\u00eb Pre\u00e7i.<\/p>\n Cilat jan\u00eb pasojat sociale dhe ekonomike?<\/p>\n Ekspert\u00ebt pranojn\u00eb se situata \u00ebsht\u00eb serioze. Shqip\u00ebria po plaket me ritme t\u00eb shpejta. Nga vendi me popullsin\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb re n\u00eb Europ\u00eb, mosha mesatare e Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur nga 27 vje\u00e7 n\u00eb 35.4 vje\u00e7. “Pasojat jan\u00eb t\u00eb dukshme”, shprehet sociologu G\u00ebzim Tushi. “Pak\u00ebsimi i lindjeve, ulja e numrit t\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve p\u00ebr grua nga 2.7 n\u00eb m\u00eb pak se 1.6 dhe zgjerimi i k\u00ebrkesave p\u00ebr pensione e mbrojtje sociale ka krijuar problemet e veta n\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimin shendet\u00ebsor apo kujdesin social.\u201d \u2013 shton Tushi.<\/p>\n Sipas Institutit t\u00eb Statistikave numri i lindjeve n\u00eb tremujorin e dyt\u00eb 2019 sh\u00ebnoi nj\u00eb r\u00ebnie prej 5,7 % krahasuar me tremujorin e dyt\u00eb 2018. Numri m\u00eb i lart\u00eb i lindjeve ishte n\u00eb qarkun e Tiran\u00ebs me 2.157 foshnje, nd\u00ebrsa numri m\u00eb i ul\u00ebt u regjistrua n\u00eb qarkun e Gjirokastr\u00ebs, me 111 lindje foshnje.<\/p>\n Pasojat e emigracionit dhe ndryshimet demografike ndjehen edhe n\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb e vendit. Pre\u00e7i thot\u00eb se rritja e numrit t\u00eb qytetar\u00ebve n\u00eb mosh\u00ebn e pensionit dhe largimi i fuqis\u00eb pun\u00ebtore p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebson statusin social dhe ekonomik t\u00eb vendit. “Sidomos largimi i punonjesve te kualifikuar, te cil\u00ebt jan\u00eb edhe kontribues t\u00eb ndjesh\u00ebm n\u00eb skem\u00ebn e sigurimeve shoq\u00ebrore p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb pagave t\u00eb tyre m\u00eb t\u00eb larta e v\u00ebshtir\u00ebson m\u00eb tej edhe funksionimin e vet\u00eb skem\u00ebs s\u00eb sigurimeve shoq\u00ebrore\u201d – shton eksperti i ekonomis\u00eb.<\/p>\n Me largimin e t\u00eb rinjve jasht\u00eb vendit, ka nj\u00eb shtim t\u00eb numrit t\u00eb personave t\u00eb moshuar q\u00eb jetojn\u00eb vet\u00ebm. Sipas psikolog\u00ebs Arjana Mu\u00e7aj ndikimi psikologjik tek prind\u00ebrit \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i madh, sepse lidhet me mir\u00ebq\u00ebnien e tyre emocionale. “Ata kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr mb\u00ebshtetje si emocionale dhe financiare\u201d, thot\u00eb Mu\u00e7aj. Po sipas psikologes largimi masiv ka ndikim negativ edhe tek njer\u00ebzit q\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri pasi “ata ndihen t\u00eb paplot\u00ebsuar n\u00eb vendin e tyre, t\u00eb pavler\u00ebsuar dhe aq m\u00eb tep\u00ebr t\u00eb n\u00ebp\u00ebrk\u00ebmbur nga klasa jon\u00eb politike\u201d- shton Mu\u00e7aj.<\/p>\n N\u00eb k\u00ebrkim t\u00eb zgjidhjes<\/strong><\/p>\n P\u00ebr ekspert\u00ebt emigrimi masiv i popullsis\u00eb shqiptare do t\u00eb l\u00ebr\u00eb pas nj\u00eb shoq\u00ebri me shum\u00eb mungesa. Ata k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb q\u00eb klasa politike t\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyj\u00eb sa m\u00eb par\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndaluar k\u00ebt\u00eb fenomen, i cili po i merr vendit personat e kualifikuar.<\/p>\n “Duhet b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb vler\u00ebsim i tregut t\u00eb pun\u00ebs mbi k\u00ebrkes\u00ebn e nevojave q\u00eb ka tregu p\u00ebr profesionet p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse. Kur themi cil\u00ebsi kjo duhet t\u00eb shoq\u00ebrohet me edukimin dhe arsimimin e t\u00eb rinjve dhe krijimin e mund\u00ebsis\u00eb p\u00ebr pun\u00ebsim, kjo edhe n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet politikave t\u00eb shk\u00ebmbimit me vendet e rajonit por edhe t\u00eb BE\u201d- thot\u00eb p\u00ebr DW\u00a0psikologia Mu\u00e7aj.<\/p>\n Socilologu G\u00ebzim Tushi thekson se duhen strategji p\u00ebr t\u00eb vler\u00ebsuar gjendjen reale social-ekonomike n\u00eb vend, e m\u00eb pas t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtohen politika p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndalur k\u00ebt\u00eb proces.”Duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb ekpert\u00ebt e fushave t\u00eb ndryshme dhe jo politikan\u00ebt q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb thon\u00eb fjal\u00ebn e tyre se, \u00e7far\u00eb duhet b\u00ebr\u00eb, ku duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrq\u00ebndrohemi p\u00ebr t\u00eb penguar procesin mekanik e metafizik t\u00eb plakjes s\u00eb popullsis\u00eb dhe “emigracionit t\u00eb vonuar\u201d, shprehet Tushi.<\/p>\n P\u00ebr ekspertin Zef Pre\u00e7i p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimi i klim\u00ebs s\u00eb biznesit n\u00eb vend shoq\u00ebruar me politikat q\u00eb nxisin rritjen e produktivitetit t\u00eb pun\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb pagave, jan\u00eb nd\u00ebr rrug\u00ebt kryesore p\u00ebr frenimin e emigracionit ekonomik. “Po kaq i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm mendoj \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrshpejtimi i rritjes ekonomike t\u00eb vendit me synim nj\u00eb rritje vjetore mbi 6%. Q\u00ebllimi \u00ebsht\u00eb absorbimi I fuqis\u00eb s\u00eb lir\u00eb pun\u00ebtore\u201d, shton Pre\u00e7i. Po deri sa t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtohen strategjit\u00eb q\u00eb ekspert\u00ebt propozojn\u00eb a \u00ebsht\u00eb Shqip\u00ebria gati p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrballuar nj\u00eb val\u00eb t\u00eb re emigrimi?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" T\u00eb rinj q\u00eb duan t\u00eb largohen, t\u00eb kualifikuar q\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb pun\u00eb jasht\u00eb, prind\u00ebr q\u00eb mbesin t\u00eb vetmuar n\u00eb pleq\u00ebri. Emigrimi po e godet fort Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb. Ekspert\u00ebt k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb strategji t\u00eb posa\u00e7me p\u00ebr p\u00ebrballimin e fenomenit. Nga Deutsche Welle Shprehja “guri i r\u00ebnd\u00eb n\u00eb vendin e vet\u201d duket se nuk po vlen m\u00eb p\u00ebr shqiptar\u00ebt. Me syt\u00eb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2013,"featured_media":53640,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[241,235],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-109318","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-aktualitet","8":"category-vendi"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/109318","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2013"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=109318"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/109318\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/53640"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=109318"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=109318"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=109318"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}