P\u00ebrpara se t\u00eb merrte frenat si kreu i shtetit, Emmanuel Macron pohoi se Franca kishte nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb president \u201cjupiterian\u201d, duke th\u00ebn\u00eb se nj\u00eb person \u201cnormal\u201d do t\u00eb ishte destabilizues p\u00ebr vendin.<\/p>\n
Krahasimi i nj\u00eb pozicioni t\u00eb zgjedhur n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb demokratike me Mbretin e t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Per\u00ebndive t\u00eb mitologjis\u00eb romake, mund t\u00eb duket hipokrizi, n\u00eb nj\u00eb vend q\u00eb shekuj m\u00eb par\u00eb largoi me dhun\u00eb monarkin\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00eb 50 vitet e fundit, kushtetuta franceze ka evoluar, duke i dh\u00ebn\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb pushtet presidentit, raporton euronews.<\/p>\n
\u201cNe kemi nj\u00eb president n\u00eb Franc\u00eb q\u00eb udh\u00ebheq Republik\u00ebn, q\u00eb kontrollon qeverin\u00eb, parlamentin dhe Gjykat\u00ebn Kushtetuese. Do t\u00eb thot\u00eb kemi nj\u00eb super president, si Jupiteri i Macronit\u201d, tha Christophe Chabrot, ligj\u00ebrues i s\u00eb drejt\u00ebs publike n\u00eb Universitetin Lumiere Lyon 2. \u00cbsht\u00eb pak sikur u kthyem n\u00eb vitin 1830, kur n\u00eb monarkit\u00eb evropiane mbreti po fillonte t\u00eb humbiste kompetencat kundrejt kryeministrit, por ende ruante shum\u00eb pushtet\u201d, shtoi Chabrot.<\/p>\n
Kritik\u00ebt thon\u00eb se parlamenti i Franc\u00ebs po b\u00ebhet nj\u00eb \u201cvul\u00eb\u201d q\u00eb miraton politikat e presidentit gjersa disa politikan\u00eb po b\u00ebjn\u00eb thirrje p\u00ebr nj\u00eb kushtetut\u00eb t\u00eb re q\u00eb sjell m\u00eb shum\u00eb ekuilib\u00ebr tek institucionet. Presidenti i Republik\u00ebs n\u00eb Franc\u00eb ka me ligj, shum\u00eb m\u00eb tep\u00ebr pushtet se \u00e7do president tjet\u00ebr n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb\u201d, tha Delphine Dulong, nj\u00eb profesoresh\u00eb e shkencave politike n\u00eb Universitetin e Parisit I, Pantheon Sorbonne.<\/p>\n
\u201cDhe n\u00eb praktik\u00eb, president\u00ebt e nj\u00ebpasnj\u00ebsh\u00ebm kan\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzuar tejmase t\u00eb drejtat e tyre q\u00eb u garanton kushteta\u201d, pohoi ajo. Fillimet e Republik\u00ebs s\u00eb Pest\u00eb t\u00eb Franc\u00ebs Kushtetuta aktuale e Franc\u00ebs daton nga viti 1958, kur gjenerali i njohur Charles de Gaulle formoi nj\u00eb republik\u00eb t\u00eb re, pas nj\u00eb kryengritjeje n\u00eb Algjeri.<\/p>\n
Presidenti Rene Coty tha se Franca ishte n\u00eb prag t\u00eb luft\u00ebs civile mes trazirave dhe se do t\u00eb caktonte \u201cm\u00eb t\u00eb shquarin e Franc\u00ebs\u2026i cili, n\u00eb vitet m\u00eb t\u00eb err\u00ebta t\u00eb historis\u00eb son\u00eb, ishte lideri yn\u00eb\u201d p\u00ebr t\u00eb udh\u00ebhequr qeverin\u00eb.<\/p>\n
M\u00eb von\u00eb, De Gaulle u zgjodh nga politikan\u00ebt si presidenti i par\u00eb i Republik\u00ebs s\u00eb Pest\u00eb. Republika e m\u00ebparshme ka qen\u00eb e vlefshme deri n\u00eb Luft\u00ebn e Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore gjersa m\u00eb shum\u00eb pushtet i jepte parlamentit, duke krijuar paq\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebri dhe konkurrenc\u00eb midis partive politike, thon\u00eb ekspert\u00ebt. Vizioni i De Gaulle p\u00ebr republik\u00ebn e re kishte p\u00ebr q\u00ebllim p\u00ebrforcimn e pushtetit t\u00eb ekzekutivit. \u201cDe Gaulle d\u00ebshironte nj\u00eb president q\u00eb nuk ishte i kufizuar\u201d, tha Dulong dukem shtuar \u201cN\u00eb mendjen e De Gaulle, presidenti ishte mbi partit\u00eb politike dhe duhej t\u00eb ishte politikisht neutral\u201d.<\/p>\n
Por, ndryshimet q\u00eb pasuan n\u00eb Kushtetut\u00eb, pozita e presidentit u p\u00ebrforcua shum\u00eb dhe u largua nga vizioni origjinal, duke krijuar k\u00ebt\u00eb regjim t\u00eb fuqish\u00ebm presidencial. E drejta universale e vot\u00ebs. Nj\u00eb nga ndryshimet kryesore q\u00eb kontribuoi n\u00eb presidenc\u00ebn aktuale franceze ishte referendumi kushtetues i vitit 1962.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekje p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrforcuar legjitimitetin si president, De Gaulle mbajti nj\u00eb referendum mbi m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn se si zgjidhet presidenti. Populli e mb\u00ebshteti referendumin, duke votuar 62 p\u00ebr qind n\u00eb favor t\u00eb zgjedhjes s\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt t\u00eb presidentit dhe jo p\u00ebrmes parlamentit. L\u00ebvizja p\u00ebrforcoi fuqin\u00eb dhe legjitimitetin e presidentit, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb politizoi rolin e tij, thon\u00eb ekspert\u00ebt.<\/p>\n
Mandati presidencial<\/p>\n
U shfaq problemi i quajtur bashk\u00ebjetes\u00eb \u2013 ku presidenti dhe shumica parlamentare nuk ishin t\u00eb s\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebs parti politike. Q\u00eb nga fillimi i Republik\u00ebs s\u00eb Pest\u00eb, bashk\u00ebjetesa ka ndodhur tre her\u00eb n\u00eb vitet 1986, 1993 dhe 1997. Her\u00ebn e fundit, presidenti i krahut t\u00eb djatht\u00eb, Jacques Chirac u detyrua t\u00eb em\u00ebronte socialistin, Lionel Jospin si kryeminist\u00ebr.<\/p>\n
Chirac m\u00eb pas paraqiti nj\u00eb ligj p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndryshuar kushtetut\u00ebn n\u00eb vitin 2000, duke kufizuar mandatin presidencial n\u00eb pes\u00eb vjet n\u00eb vend t\u00eb shtat\u00ebve. Referendumi kaloi me sukses, ku pozitivisht votuan 73 p\u00ebr qind t\u00eb votuesve. Presidenti mish\u00ebron interesin e p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm dhe vazhdim\u00ebsin\u00eb e republik\u00ebs. Do t\u2019i zgjidhni m\u00eb shpesh. Z\u00ebri juaj, vendimi juaj do t\u00eb ket\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsi. Detyra juaj demokratike do t\u00eb forcohet\u201d, tha Chirac. Referendumi n\u00ebnkuptonte se zgjedhjet presidenciale do t\u00eb mbaheshin s\u00eb bashku me zgjedhjet parlamentare me nj\u00eb distanc\u00eb prej rreth nj\u00eb muaji, gj\u00eb q\u00eb siguronte se kushdo q\u00eb do t\u00eb fitonte presidenc\u00ebn, do t\u00eb fitonte edhe nj\u00eb shumic\u00eb parlamentare.<\/p>\n
\u201cNuk ndryshoni mendimin tuaj politik brenda nj\u00eb muaji. Pra, zgjedhja e legjislatur\u00ebs s\u00eb re shpesh do t\u00eb jet\u00eb prej shumic\u00ebs q\u00eb votuan edhe p\u00ebr presidentin\u201d, tha Chabrot. Kjo ndodhi kur presidenti aktual, Macron fitoi n\u00eb zgjedhjet presidenciale me nj\u00eb parti t\u00eb sapo formuar, e cila edhe n\u00eb zgjedhjet parlamentare korri sukses, vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb muaj pas zgjedhjeve p\u00ebr president t\u00eb Franc\u00ebs.<\/p>\n
A mund t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb sistemi?<\/p>\n
Kritik\u00ebt thon\u00eb se sistemi duhet t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ribalancuar institucionet, n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb mos jet\u00eb nj\u00eb person q\u00eb merr t\u00eb gjitha vendimet e m\u00ebdha pa u mbajtur p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebs p\u00ebr to. Ne pam\u00eb koh\u00ebt e fundit n\u00eb Franc\u00eb se ishte kryesisht presidenti, i mb\u00ebshtetur nga nj\u00eb k\u00ebshill, i cili merrte vendime gjat\u00eb pandemis\u00eb\u201d, tha Dulong. Por, meqen\u00ebse presidenti nuk mund t\u00eb sulmohet, kryeministri Edouard Philippe \u00ebsht\u00eb ai q\u00eb po kritikohet\u201d, pohoi ai.<\/p>\n
Ish-kandidati presidencial i ekstremit t\u00eb majt\u00eb, Jean-Luc Melenchon \u00ebsht\u00eb nd\u00ebr ata q\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb thirrje p\u00ebr nj\u00eb Republik\u00eb t\u00eb Gjasht\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb \u201cshfuqizuar monarkin\u00eb presidenciale\u201d n\u00eb nj\u00eb kushtetut\u00eb t\u00eb re. Por, Chabrot e Universitetit t\u00eb Lyonit thot\u00eb se eliminimi i nenit 9 t\u00eb Kushtetut\u00ebs, i cili cakton presidentin si kreun e k\u00ebshillit t\u00eb ministrave ose kabinetit, mund t\u00eb shtoj\u00eb gjithashtu ekuilibrin n\u00eb sistem.<\/p>\n
Nj\u00eb ndryshim tjet\u00ebr mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb anulimi i zgjedhjeve presidenciale n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb q\u00eb presidenti t\u00eb zgjidhet nga deputet\u00ebt, senator\u00ebt dhe k\u00ebshilltar\u00ebt vendor\u00eb, si\u00e7 ishte shkruar fillimisht n\u00eb kushtetut\u00ebn e vitit 1958. \u201cT\u00eb gjith\u00eb thon\u00eb se francez\u00ebt jan\u00eb t\u00eb lidhur me zgjedhjet presidenciale, se \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb e drejt\u00eb demokratike q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb shfryt\u00ebzohet. Kjo mbetet p\u00ebr t\u2019u par\u00eb\u201d, tha Dulong.<\/p>\n
\u201cKur shikojm\u00eb p\u00ebrqindjen e abstenimit dhe flet\u00ebvotimet e zbraz\u00ebta q\u00eb nga vitet 1980, shohim se zgjedhjet presidenciale po shkaktojn\u00eb kriz\u00eb\u201d, shtoi ajo. Shum\u00eb nga ndryshimet q\u00eb d\u00ebrguan n\u00eb sistemin aktual mor\u00ebn mb\u00ebshtetjen e popullsis\u00eb, me De Gaulle q\u00eb konsolidoi pushtetin p\u00ebrmes referendumeve.<\/p>\n
\u201cSa her\u00eb q\u00eb presidenti shtypte nj\u00eb buton, ai fitonte. De Gaulle n\u00eb vitin 1962, p\u00ebr shembull, shtypi butonin e referendumit dhe fitoi. Ai shtypi butonin e shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb parlamentit dhe fitoi. Pra, \u00e7do her\u00eb, presidenti francez p\u00ebrforconte pushtetin e tij\u201d, tha Chabrot. Ndryshe, nes\u00ebr votuesit do t\u00eb shkojn\u00eb n\u00eb qendrat e votimit p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjedhur presidentin e tyre t\u00eb ardhsh\u00ebm, ku n\u00eb gar\u00eb jan\u00eb presidenti aktual, Emmanuel Macron si dhe kandidatja pro-ruse, Marine Le Pen. Sondazhet e fundit i japin p\u00ebrpar\u00ebsi Macronit dhe mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb nd\u00ebr politikan\u00ebt e rrall\u00eb q\u00eb ka fituar besimin e qytetar\u00ebve p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb dyt\u00eb.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
P\u00ebrpara se t\u00eb merrte frenat si kreu i shtetit, Emmanuel Macron pohoi se Franca kishte nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb president \u201cjupiterian\u201d, duke th\u00ebn\u00eb se nj\u00eb person \u201cnormal\u201d do t\u00eb ishte destabilizues p\u00ebr vendin. Krahasimi i nj\u00eb pozicioni t\u00eb zgjedhur n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb demokratike me Mbretin e t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Per\u00ebndive t\u00eb mitologjis\u00eb romake, mund t\u00eb duket hipokrizi, n\u00eb […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2020,"featured_media":253590,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[241,5380,231],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-253588","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-aktualitet","8":"category-kryesore","9":"category-lajme"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/253588","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2020"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=253588"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/253588\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/253590"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=253588"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=253588"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=253588"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}