Forcat politike shtrojn\u00eb premtime ambicioze p\u00ebr ulje t\u00eb taksave ose rritje t\u00eb shpenzimeve, por pa analiza t\u00eb argumentuara p\u00ebr m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn se si do t\u00eb financohen k\u00ebto premtime. Nj\u00eb vler\u00ebsim i pjessh\u00ebm mbi fatur\u00ebn financiare t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre premtimeve tregon se zbatimi i nj\u00ebkohsh\u00ebm i masave q\u00eb premtojn\u00eb ulje t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb taksave dhe rritje t\u00eb shpenzimeve, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht p\u00ebr mbrojtjen sociale, \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i v\u00ebshtir\u00eb. Oferta t\u00eb tilla elektorale nuk jan\u00eb shum\u00eb realiste dhe nuk mund t\u00eb argumentohen vet\u00ebm me \u201cformul\u00ebn magjike\u201d t\u00eb luft\u00ebs ndaj korrupsionit dhe informalitetit.<\/p>\n
Forcat politike n\u00eb opozit\u00eb kan\u00eb dal\u00eb n\u00eb fushat\u00eb me premtime p\u00ebr ulje t\u00eb konsiderueshme t\u00eb taksave. N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, forcat e spektrit t\u00eb djatht\u00eb premtojn\u00eb rikthimin n\u00eb nj\u00eb taks\u00eb t\u00eb shesht\u00eb, n\u00eb mas\u00ebn 8%-10%, p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha burimet e t\u00eb ardhurave. Partia Demokratike premton gjithashtu uljen e TVSH-s\u00eb, n\u00eb nivelin 15%, nd\u00ebrsa \u201cShqip\u00ebria B\u00ebhet\u201d premton rimbursim t\u00eb saj deri n\u00eb mas\u00ebn 10% (pa sqaruar n\u00ebse rimbursimi do t\u00eb jet\u00eb i nj\u00ebjt\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb konsumator\u00ebt dhe n\u00eb \u00e7\u2019mas\u00eb).<\/p>\n
Shumica e forcave politike premtojn\u00eb rritjen e pensionit minimal n\u00eb nivelin 200 euro n\u00eb muaj, nd\u00ebrsa disa prej tyre shkojn\u00eb m\u00eb tej dhe e p\u00ebrcaktojn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb shum\u00eb si nj\u00eb minimum jetik, q\u00eb duhet garantuar p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjith\u00eb p\u00ebrfituesit e pagesave nga shteti.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebr t\u00eb vler\u00ebsuar ndikimin e drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb t\u00eb premtimeve p\u00ebr ulje t\u00eb taksave mund t\u2019u referohemi t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb fundit faktike, t\u00eb vitit 2024 (parashikimet e buxhetit 2025 jan\u00eb natyrisht edhe m\u00eb t\u00eb larta).<\/p>\n
Ulja e TVSH-s\u00eb n\u00eb 15% mund t\u00eb kushtoj\u00eb 450 milion\u00eb euro<\/p>\n
Sipas treguesve fiskal\u00eb t\u00eb raportuar nga Ministria e Financave, t\u00eb ardhurat bruto nga Tatimi mbi Vler\u00ebn e Shtuar p\u00ebr vitin 2024 ishin m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 236 miliard\u00eb lek\u00eb. N\u00eb nj\u00eb skenar hipotetik, t\u00eb uljes s\u00eb TVSH-s\u00eb nga 20% n\u00eb 15%, efekti direkt i nj\u00eb mase t\u00eb till\u00eb do t\u00eb ishte ulja e t\u00eb ardhurave me 25%, q\u00eb p\u00ebrkthehet n\u00eb af\u00ebrsisht 59 miliard\u00eb lek\u00eb. Kjo shum\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebn rreth 9% t\u00eb t\u00eb ardhurave totale tatimore n\u00eb buxhet.<\/p>\n
M\u00eb tej, nga ulja e tatimit do t\u00eb ishte i pritsh\u00ebm edhe nj\u00eb ndikim i kund\u00ebrt: parat\u00eb q\u00eb nuk do t\u00eb mblidheshin m\u00eb n\u00eb form\u00eb TVSH-je, do t\u00eb ngeleshin n\u00eb ekonomi dhe do t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbenin p\u00ebr rritje t\u00eb konsumit dhe investimeve. Rritja e konsumit dhe investimeve do t\u00eb sillte rritje t\u00eb t\u00eb ardhurave buxhetore. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kuptim, efekti negativ n\u00eb buxhet do t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb i ul\u00ebt se ai i drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb, por n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrllogaritet me sakt\u00ebsi.<\/p>\n
Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00ebse shum\u00ebn e kursyer nga TVSH, rreth 59 miliard\u00eb lek\u00eb, ia shtojm\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00ebn apriori PBB-s\u00eb vjetore t\u00eb 2024, kjo do t\u00eb p\u00ebrkthehej n\u00eb nj\u00eb rritje ekonomike shtes\u00eb prej 2.5%.<\/p>\n
Sipas parimit q\u00eb t\u00eb ardhurat tatimore do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb sh\u00ebnonin nj\u00eb rritje shtes\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn mas\u00eb, kjo do t\u00eb p\u00ebrkthehej n\u00eb nj\u00eb shtim t\u00eb t\u00eb ardhurave tatimore me rreth 15 miliard\u00eb lek\u00eb. Mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb llogaritje indikative, efekti neto i uljes s\u00eb TVSH-s\u00eb mund t\u00eb vler\u00ebsohet n\u00eb rreth 45 miliard\u00eb lek\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Megjithat\u00eb, duke pasur parasysh p\u00ebrvoj\u00ebn e menaxhimit fiskal n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri dhe n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb Europ\u00ebn, \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb gjesh shembuj t\u00eb nj\u00eb uljeje t\u00eb TVSH-s\u00eb, n\u00eb p\u00ebrmasa t\u00eb tilla.<\/p>\n
TVSH-ja \u00ebsht\u00eb shtylla kryesore e buxhetit dhe sjell, n\u00eb terma neto, pothuajse 37% t\u00eb t\u00eb ardhurave tatimore. Nj\u00eb ulje n\u00eb nivelin e 25% do t\u00eb sillte ndikim shum\u00eb t\u00eb madh afatshkurt\u00ebr n\u00eb buxhet, pavar\u00ebsisht efektit hipotetik balancues q\u00eb mund t\u00eb ndihej gradualisht nga rritja e konsumit dhe investimeve.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb t\u00eb shkuar\u00ebn, forcat politike n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri kan\u00eb premtuar ulje t\u00eb TVSH-s\u00eb p\u00ebr artikujt kryesor\u00eb t\u00eb konsumit ushqimor dhe p\u00ebr energjin\u00eb elektrike, por k\u00ebto premtime nuk jan\u00eb mbajtur. Deri m\u00eb sot, shkall\u00ebt e diferencuara t\u00eb TVSH-s\u00eb jan\u00eb aplikuar vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr sh\u00ebrbime ose segmente t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta, ku ndikimi buxhetor nuk ka qen\u00eb shum\u00eb i madh.<\/p>\n
Tatimfitimi 10%, fatura rreth 140 milion\u00eb euro<\/p>\n
Nj\u00eb premtim edhe m\u00eb i hersh\u00ebm i Partis\u00eb Demokratike \u00ebsht\u00eb rikthimi i nj\u00eb \u201ctakse t\u00eb shesht\u00eb\u201d, e kuptuar si nj\u00eb tatim me shkall\u00eb fikse prej 10% p\u00ebr t\u00eb ardhurat e korporatave dhe individ\u00ebve (por pa p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb k\u00ebtu biznesin e vog\u00ebl).<\/p>\n
Llogaritja e efektit t\u00eb sakt\u00eb t\u00eb vendosjes s\u00eb nj\u00eb takse t\u00eb shesht\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsin\u00eb e vet \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb, megjithat\u00eb nj\u00eb ndikim fillestar direkt mund t\u00eb vler\u00ebsohet p\u00ebr segmentin m\u00eb t\u00eb madh, at\u00eb t\u00eb tatimit mbi fitimin.<\/p>\n
Sipas treguesve fiskal\u00eb t\u00eb Ministris\u00eb s\u00eb Financave, vitin e kaluar, bizneset paguan af\u00ebrsisht 57 miliard\u00eb lek\u00eb tatimfitimi. Duke supozuar nj\u00eb ulje t\u00eb shkall\u00ebs tatimore nga 15% n\u00eb 10%, t\u00eb ardhurat tatimore do t\u00eb p\u00ebsonin r\u00ebnie me af\u00ebrsisht 19 miliard\u00eb lek\u00eb. N\u00ebse k\u00ebt\u00eb shum\u00eb ia shtojm\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00ebn PBB-s\u00eb vjetore, ajo do t\u00eb p\u00ebrkthehej n\u00eb nj\u00eb rritje shtes\u00eb 0.8%. Me nj\u00eb rritje t\u00eb t\u00eb ardhurave t\u00eb ngelura tatimore n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn mas\u00eb, efekti pozitiv do t\u00eb ishte rreth 5 miliard\u00eb lek\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa efekti negativ neto ka nj\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb till\u00eb rreth 14 miliard\u00eb lek\u00eb.<\/p>\n
T\u00eb marra s\u00eb bashku, ulja e TVSH-s\u00eb dhe e tatimfitimit do t\u00eb kishin nj\u00eb efekt negativ n\u00eb deficit dhe borxh prej rreth 2.3% t\u00eb PBB-s\u00eb, pa llogaritur k\u00ebtu efektet m\u00eb t\u00eb vogla nga rritja e kufirit p\u00ebrjashtues p\u00ebr TVSH-n\u00eb dhe tatimfitimin e biznesit t\u00eb vog\u00ebl. N\u00eb rast se kjo nuk do t\u00eb balancohej me uljen e shpenzimeve, deficiti dhe borxhi publik do t\u00eb rriteshin n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn mas\u00eb.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb rast se ulja e taksave q\u00eb premton PD do t\u00eb realizohej n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb menj\u00ebhershme dhe pa etapa, efekti do t\u00eb ishte mjaft i madh dhe v\u00ebshtir\u00eb se do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrballohej pa nj\u00eb rritje t\u00eb borxhit publik.<\/p>\n
Partia Mund\u00ebsia, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, propozon nj\u00eb shkall\u00eb edhe m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt t\u00eb tatimfitimit, n\u00eb nivelin 8%. Llogaritur mbi t\u00eb ardhurat e tatimfitimit p\u00ebr 2024, ulja do t\u00eb p\u00ebrkthehej n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhura t\u00eb munguara prej pothuajse 27 miliard\u00eb lek\u00ebsh. Kjo shum\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb af\u00ebrsisht sa 1.1% e PBB-s\u00eb dhe duke ia shtuar t\u00eb gjith\u00eb rritjes ekonomike do t\u00eb ndikonte n\u00eb nj\u00eb rritje t\u00eb t\u00eb ardhurave t\u00eb ngelura tatimore me rreth 7 miliard\u00eb lek\u00eb. Efekti negativ neto mund t\u00eb vler\u00ebsohet n\u00eb rreth 20 miliard\u00eb lek\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Premtohet kthimi i tatimit t\u00eb shesht\u00eb mbi pagat<\/p>\n
N\u00eb programet politike t\u00eb forcave q\u00eb e premtojn\u00eb, taksa e shesht\u00eb duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshij\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha t\u00eb ardhurat, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb edhe ato t\u00eb pun\u00ebmarr\u00ebsve dhe individ\u00ebve n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi.<\/p>\n
Aktualisht, sistemi i tatimit progresiv mbi t\u00eb ardhurat e b\u00ebn t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb p\u00ebrllogaritjen e efektit t\u00eb nj\u00eb mase t\u00eb till\u00eb n\u00eb buxhet, n\u00eb munges\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb detajuara p\u00ebr struktur\u00ebn e tatimit sipas pagave.<\/p>\n
Vitin e kaluar, t\u00eb ardhurat nga tatimi mbi t\u00eb ardhurat personale (p\u00ebrfshi tatimin progresiv mbi pagat dhe at\u00eb uniform prej 15% mbi t\u00eb ardhurat e tjera) solli m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 66 miliard\u00eb lek\u00eb t\u00eb ardhura n\u00eb buxhet, ose 10% t\u00eb t\u00eb ardhurave totale tatimore.<\/p>\n
Aktualisht, sipas INSTAT, paga mesatare n\u00eb ekonomi \u00ebsht\u00eb rreth 83400 lek\u00eb. Me sistemin aktual, mbi pag\u00ebn mesatare paguhet tatim p\u00ebr t\u00eb ardhurat n\u00eb mas\u00ebn 13%, (p\u00ebr t\u00eb ardhurat mbi 30 mij\u00eb lek\u00eb n\u00eb muaj), q\u00eb aktualisht p\u00ebrkthehet n\u00eb tatim mujor n\u00eb vler\u00ebn e 6942 lek\u00ebve.<\/p>\n
Partia Demokratike dhe koalicioni \u201cShqip\u00ebria B\u00ebhet\u201d propozojn\u00eb nj\u00eb taks\u00eb t\u00eb shesht\u00eb 10%, duke vendosur p\u00ebrjashtim p\u00ebr t\u00eb ardhurat deri n\u00eb 50 mij\u00eb lek\u00eb n\u00eb muaj. Mbi pag\u00ebn mesatare prej 83400 lek\u00ebsh, nj\u00eb i pun\u00ebsuar me pag\u00eb mesatare do t\u00eb paguante 3340 lek\u00eb n\u00eb muaj, ose rreth 52% m\u00eb pak krahasuar me sistemin aktual.<\/p>\n
N\u00ebse p\u00ebrdorim si baz\u00eb llogaritjeje pag\u00ebn mesatare, kostoja do t\u00eb ishte rreth 400 euro n\u00eb vit p\u00ebr \u00e7do t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuar. Sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave administrative, Shqip\u00ebria ka rreth 746 mij\u00eb t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuar n\u00eb sektorin shtet\u00ebror dhe privat dhe fatura totale e uljes s\u00eb tatimit dhe rritjes s\u00eb pragut do t\u00eb ishte rreth 300 milion\u00eb euro, gjithmon\u00eb e paraqitur si nj\u00eb llogari indikative, e mb\u00ebshtetur mbi pag\u00ebn mesatare.<\/p>\n
Partia Mund\u00ebsia premton nj\u00eb tatim t\u00eb shesht\u00eb n\u00eb mas\u00ebn 8%. N\u00ebse supozojm\u00eb se edhe kjo parti do t\u00eb p\u00ebrjashtoj\u00eb t\u00eb ardhurat deri n\u00eb 50 mij\u00eb lek\u00eb (nj\u00eb gj\u00eb e till\u00eb nuk sakt\u00ebsohet n\u00eb program) nj\u00eb i pun\u00ebsuar me pag\u00eb mesatare do t\u00eb paguante 2672 lek\u00eb n\u00eb muaj ose 61.5% m\u00eb pak krahasuar me sistemin aktual.<\/p>\n
L\u00ebvizja Bashk\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e vetmja q\u00eb jep nj\u00eb alternativ\u00eb t\u00eb dyt\u00eb t\u00eb tatimit progresiv, me shkall\u00eb, 0, 10%, 15%, 25% dhe 35%, duke p\u00ebrjashtuar t\u00eb ardhurat mujore deri n\u00eb 60 mij\u00eb lek\u00eb. P\u00ebr nj\u00eb pag\u00eb mesatare prej 83400 lek\u00ebsh n\u00eb muaj bruto, me sistemin e propozuar nga L\u00ebvizja Bashk\u00eb do t\u00eb paguhej nj\u00eb tatim mujor n\u00eb mas\u00ebn 2340 lek\u00eb, ose 66% m\u00eb pak krahasuar me sistemin aktual.<\/p>\n
\u00cbsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb se propozimet e reja do t\u00eb ndikojn\u00eb sidomos n\u00eb pagat m\u00eb t\u00eb larta, sip\u00ebr nivelit t\u00eb 200 mij\u00eb lek\u00ebve n\u00eb muaj, q\u00eb aktualisht jan\u00eb subjekt i tatimit n\u00eb mas\u00ebn 23%.<\/p>\n
Ulja e \u00e7mimit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb kushton m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 61 milion\u00eb euro<\/p>\n
\u00c7mimi i energjis\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtje e ndjeshme p\u00ebr buxhetet familjare dhe as n\u00eb fushat\u00ebn e k\u00ebtij viti nuk mungojn\u00eb premtimet p\u00ebr uljen e \u00e7mimit. N\u00eb fakt, q\u00eb n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb k\u00ebtij viti, qeveria i parapriu fushat\u00ebs duke e ulur \u00e7mimin e energjis\u00eb p\u00ebr konsumator\u00ebt familjar\u00eb nga 9.5 n\u00eb 8.5 lek\u00eb p\u00ebr kWh.<\/p>\n
Disa prej forcave politike t\u00eb opozit\u00ebs premtojn\u00eb ulje t\u00eb m\u00ebtejshme t\u00eb \u00e7mimit, n\u00ebse vijn\u00eb n\u00eb pushtet. K\u00ebshtu, Partia Demokratike (Aleanca p\u00ebr Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb Madh\u00ebshtore) premton ulje t\u00eb \u00e7mimit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb p\u00ebr familjet n\u00eb 7 lek\u00eb p\u00ebr kWh.<\/p>\n
Efekti i k\u00ebsaj uljeje n\u00eb buxhetin e FSHU\/OSHEE do t\u00eb ishte i konsideruesh\u00ebm. Sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave t\u00eb raportuara nga INSTAT, konsumi i energjis\u00eb elektrike nga familjar\u00ebt vitin e kaluar arriti n\u00eb rreth 3409 GWh.<\/p>\n
Ulja e \u00e7mimit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb elektrike me 1.5 lek\u00eb p\u00ebr kWh, p\u00ebr nj\u00eb sasi t\u00eb till\u00eb konsumi, do t\u00eb ulte t\u00eb ardhurat nga faturimi i energjis\u00eb me 51 milion\u00eb euro. N\u00ebse llogaritim edhe diferenc\u00ebn n\u00eb TVSH-n\u00eb e paguar mes \u00e7mimit aktual dhe atij t\u00eb propozuar nga PD, fatura e uljes s\u00eb \u00e7mimit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb arrin n\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 61 milion\u00eb euro.<\/p>\n
Partia Demokratike premton edhe uljen e \u00e7mimit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb p\u00ebr bizneset n\u00eb 6 lek\u00eb p\u00ebr kWh. Duke qen\u00eb se \u00e7mimi i energjis\u00eb p\u00ebr bizneset nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb fiks p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha subjektet dhe periudhat, llogaritja e fatur\u00ebs s\u00eb sakt\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, duke qen\u00eb se p\u00ebr bizneset, \u00e7mimet e energjis\u00eb n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb shtrenjta, efekti i nj\u00eb mase t\u00eb till\u00eb do t\u00eb ishte edhe m\u00eb i madh.<\/p>\n
Edhe nj\u00eb forc\u00eb tjet\u00ebr opozitare, koalicioni \u201cShqip\u00ebria B\u00ebhet\u201d, premton ulje t\u00eb \u00e7mimit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb elektrike, duke aplikuar dy fasha t\u00eb ndryshme, p\u00ebrkat\u00ebsisht 7.4 lek\u00eb p\u00ebr kWh n\u00eb orarin 05:00-22:00 dhe 3.8 lek\u00eb p\u00ebr kWh p\u00ebr orarin 22:00-5:00.<\/p>\n
Praktika e tarifimit me fasha orare ndiqet edhe n\u00eb vende t\u00eb tjera, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb s\u00eb fundmi edhe Kosov\u00ebn. Megjithat\u00eb, p\u00ebr momentin, nj\u00eb zgjidhje e till\u00eb shtron v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsi praktike, sepse k\u00ebrkon instalimin e mat\u00ebsve t\u00eb posa\u00e7\u00ebm t\u00eb energjis\u00eb q\u00eb do t\u00eb mund\u00ebsonin matjen e konsumit t\u00eb ndar\u00eb sipas orarit. N\u00eb munges\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre pajisjeve, n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri mungojn\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebna apo qoft\u00eb edhe vler\u00ebsime t\u00eb p\u00ebraf\u00ebrta p\u00ebr sasin\u00eb e energjis\u00eb q\u00eb konsumohet n\u00eb or\u00ebt e nat\u00ebs.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, \u00ebsht\u00eb e pamundur t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktohet nj\u00eb fatur\u00eb e p\u00ebraf\u00ebrt e uljes s\u00eb propozuar nga \u201cShqip\u00ebria B\u00ebhet\u201d. Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00ebse llogarisim vet\u00ebm \u00e7mimin p\u00ebr fash\u00ebn kryesore ditore, prej 7.4 lek\u00eb p\u00ebr kWh, fatura e uljes do t\u00eb ishte rreth 37.5 milion\u00eb euro pa TVSH ose 45 milion\u00eb euro me TVSH (mb\u00ebshtetur n\u00eb konsumin e familjar\u00ebve p\u00ebr 2024).<\/p>\n
Ulja e \u00e7mimit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb me shum\u00eb t\u00eb ngjar\u00eb do t\u00eb shtonte var\u00ebsin\u00eb e kompanis\u00eb s\u00eb shp\u00ebrndarjes s\u00eb energjis\u00eb elektrike nga buxheti i shtetit, nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb q\u00eb gjendja financiare e k\u00ebsaj kompanie ka qen\u00eb historikisht e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb humbjeve t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb akumuluara nga mosshlyerjet e faturave t\u00eb energjis\u00eb, humbjet e tjera n\u00eb rrjet dhe \u00e7mimeve t\u00eb administruara t\u00eb energjis\u00eb, q\u00eb nuk reflektojn\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb koston e blerjes s\u00eb saj n\u00eb tregje.<\/p>\n
Bilanci i fundit i publikuar nga OSHEE i takon vitit 2022 dhe n\u00eb at\u00eb vit, kompania kishte humbje t\u00eb akumuluara n\u00eb bilanc prej pothuajse 99 miliard\u00eb lek\u00ebsh (rreth 1 miliard euro me kursin e sot\u00ebm) dhe kapital negativ prej rreth 36 miliard\u00eb lek\u00ebsh.<\/p>\n
Nd\u00ebrsa do t\u00eb leht\u00ebsonte buxhetet familjare, ulja e \u00e7mimit t\u00eb energjis\u00eb do t\u00eb keq\u00ebsonte gjendjen e buxhetit t\u00eb OSHEE, do t\u00eb rriste var\u00ebsin\u00eb nga buxheti i shtetit dhe do t\u00eb largonte tregun e energjis\u00eb elektrike p\u00ebr familjar\u00ebt nga parimet e tregut.<\/p>\n
Nj\u00eb qasje e till\u00eb do t\u00eb ishte nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr hap mbrapa n\u00eb rrug\u00ebn e reformimit t\u00eb k\u00ebtij tregu dhe n\u00eb sh\u00ebndoshjen e llogarive t\u00eb nd\u00ebrmarrjeve publike. Si\u00e7 kan\u00eb k\u00ebshilluar n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrs\u00ebritur institucionet e specializuara, mb\u00ebshtetja e shtresave m\u00eb t\u00eb brishta do t\u00eb ishte m\u00eb e arsyeshme t\u00eb b\u00ebhej n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet politikave sociale, kryesisht subvencionimit p\u00ebr familjet me t\u00eb ardhura t\u00eb ul\u00ebta, si\u00e7 ndodh pjes\u00ebrisht edhe sot.<\/p>\n
\u201cUlja e \u00e7mimit\u201d t\u00eb naft\u00ebs kushton m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 300 milion\u00eb euro<\/p>\n
Nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr \u00e7\u00ebshtje e ndjeshme p\u00ebr ekonomin\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb \u00e7mimi i karburanteve. Edhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast, disa prej forcave opozitare, si Aleanca p\u00ebr Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb Madh\u00ebshtore apo \u201cShqip\u00ebria B\u00ebhet\u201d, premtojn\u00eb ulje t\u00eb ndjeshme t\u00eb \u00e7mimeve t\u00eb karburanteve.<\/p>\n
Aleanca p\u00ebr Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb Madh\u00ebshtore premton ulje t\u00eb \u00e7mimit t\u00eb karburanteve me 35%-40%. Megjith\u00ebse pa sakt\u00ebsuar mekanizmin, premtimi n\u00ebnkupton ulje t\u00eb barr\u00ebs fiskale, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb realisht komponenti kryesor ku qeveria mund t\u00eb ndikoj\u00eb \u00e7mimet e karburanteve.<\/p>\n
Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, \u201cShqip\u00ebria B\u00ebhet\u201d premton shprehimisht heqje t\u00eb taks\u00ebs s\u00eb qarkullimit 27 lek\u00eb p\u00ebr lit\u00ebr dhe nj\u00eb ulje t\u00eb m\u00ebtejshme me 5 lek\u00eb p\u00ebr lit\u00ebr nga tarifat e tjera, n\u00eb total ulje taksash prej 32 lek\u00ebsh p\u00ebr lit\u00ebr.<\/p>\n
Sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave nga Ministria e Financave, vitin e kaluar, t\u00eb ardhurat nga taksa e qarkullimit arrit\u00ebn n\u00eb 213 milion\u00eb euro. Mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb baz\u00eb, konsumi vjetor i karburantit mund t\u00eb llogaritet n\u00eb rreth 790 milion\u00eb litra. Ulja edhe me 5 lek\u00eb p\u00ebr lit\u00ebr e tarifave t\u00eb tjera, si\u00e7 premton \u201cShqip\u00ebria B\u00ebhet\u201d, do t\u00eb sillte edhe nj\u00eb fatur\u00eb shtes\u00eb prej rreth 40 milion\u00eb eurosh t\u00eb tjera, duke e \u00e7uar fatur\u00ebn totale n\u00eb rreth 253 milion\u00eb euro.<\/p>\n
N\u00ebse p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb sasi shtojm\u00eb edhe TVSH-n\u00eb (q\u00eb llogaritet mbi \u00e7mimin pas taksave t\u00eb tjera), fatura totale arrin n\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 300 milion\u00eb euro, ose pothuajse sa 5% e t\u00eb ardhurave tatimore p\u00ebr 2024.<\/p>\n
Heqja e taks\u00ebs s\u00eb qarkullimit do t\u2019i zbriste automatikisht k\u00ebto t\u00eb ardhura nga buxheti i shtetit, nd\u00ebrsa mund t\u00eb kompensohej n\u00eb nj\u00eb mas\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb vog\u00ebl nga rritja e konsumit t\u00eb karburanteve dhe nga shtesa n\u00eb t\u00eb ardhurat prej taksave t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb lidhura me t\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Llogaritjet tregojn\u00eb qart\u00eb se \u00e7do mas\u00eb fiskale, q\u00eb tenton t\u00eb ul\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb drastike \u00e7mimin e karburantit, do t\u00eb kishte kosto t\u00eb m\u00ebdha buxhetore, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00ebse mbajm\u00eb parasysh se forcat politike q\u00eb e premtojn\u00eb e nd\u00ebrthurin at\u00eb edhe me ulje t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb taksave dhe me rritje t\u00eb shpenzimeve.<\/p>\n
Minimumi jetik mund t\u00eb kushtoj\u00eb t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 500 milion\u00eb euro n\u00eb vit<\/p>\n
Pothuajse t\u00eb gjitha forcat politike premtojn\u00eb rritje t\u00eb pensionit minimal n\u00eb 200 euro, madje pjesa m\u00eb e madhe e tyre e premtojn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb nivel si nj\u00eb minimum jetik, q\u00eb duhet t\u00eb sigurohet edhe p\u00ebr kategorit\u00eb e tjera t\u00eb brishta sociale, q\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb n\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie pune, si p\u00ebr shembull p\u00ebrfituesit e pages\u00ebs s\u00eb papun\u00ebsis\u00eb, ndihm\u00ebs ekonomike apo student\u00ebt q\u00eb mb\u00ebshteten me bursa.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb harkun e pes\u00eb viteve t\u00eb fundit, pensioni mesatar n\u00eb qytet \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur me 12.8%, nd\u00ebrsa n\u00eb fshat, me 20.6%.<\/p>\n
Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00ebse shohim treguesin e z\u00ebvend\u00ebsimit, q\u00eb mat raportin mes pensionit mesatar dhe pag\u00ebs mesatare, ai ka ardhur n\u00eb r\u00ebnie t\u00eb vazhdueshme, sepse rritja e pensioneve ka qen\u00eb m\u00eb e ul\u00ebt se ajo e pagave. N\u00eb vitin 2023, p\u00ebr pensionet n\u00eb qytet, ai zbriti n\u00eb 32.6%, nga 39.9% n\u00eb 2019. P\u00ebr pensionet n\u00eb fshat, ky raport zbriti n\u00eb 28.7%, nga 35.3% n\u00eb 2019.<\/p>\n
Kjo tendenc\u00eb mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb ndikuar pjes\u00ebrisht edhe nga ulja e informalitetit t\u00eb pagave apo rritja e pag\u00ebs minimale ligjore. Por, ky tregues n\u00eb thelb tregon se standardi i jetes\u00ebs s\u00eb nj\u00eb individi pas daljes n\u00eb pension ka tendenc\u00ebn t\u00eb p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsohet vit pas viti, n\u00eb raport me periudh\u00ebn kur ndodhej n\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie pune.<\/p>\n
Rritja e pensioneve, n\u00eb fakt, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb nga \u00e7\u00ebshtjet m\u00eb t\u00eb ndjeshme n\u00eb programin e forcave kryesore politike, por n\u00eb teori, edhe nj\u00eb nga m\u00eb sfidueset. Shqip\u00ebria po p\u00ebrballet me tendenca demografike shum\u00eb shqet\u00ebsuese, t\u00eb shprehura n\u00eb tkurrje t\u00eb numrit t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithsh\u00ebm t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb dhe plakje t\u00eb saj. N\u00eb rast se nuk gjenden m\u00ebnyrat p\u00ebr t\u00eb frenuar k\u00ebto tendenca, nj\u00eb rritje e pensioneve do t\u00eb jet\u00eb e mundur vet\u00ebm duke thelluar deficitin e skem\u00ebs dhe n\u00eb kurriz t\u00eb cil\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve t\u00eb tjera publike.<\/p>\n
Sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave m\u00eb t\u00eb fundit t\u00eb ISSH-s\u00eb, skema e sigurimeve shoq\u00ebrore ka 1.19 kontribuues p\u00ebr \u00e7do p\u00ebrfitues, nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebr pensionet e pleq\u00ebris\u00eb, ky raport \u00ebsht\u00eb 1.42. Raporti \u00ebsht\u00eb i destinuar t\u00eb rritet me plakjen e popullsis\u00eb dhe reformat e pensioneve t\u00eb viteve t\u00eb fundit kan\u00eb tentuar ta \u201carnojn\u00eb\u201d k\u00ebt\u00eb problem, duke rritur mosh\u00ebn e daljes n\u00eb pension.<\/p>\n
Vler\u00ebsimi i nj\u00eb fature gjith\u00ebp\u00ebrfshir\u00ebse p\u00ebr nj\u00eb premtim t\u00eb till\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb i v\u00ebshtir\u00eb, n\u00eb munges\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb strukture t\u00eb detajuar t\u00eb pensioneve, sipas mas\u00ebs s\u00eb p\u00ebrfitimit dhe numrit t\u00eb p\u00ebrfituesve.<\/p>\n
Megjithat\u00eb, efekti financiar i nj\u00eb hapi t\u00eb till\u00eb do t\u00eb ishte shum\u00eb i madh, duke qen\u00eb se vler\u00ebsohet q\u00eb af\u00ebrsisht 75% (rreth 520 mij\u00eb) e m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 700 mij\u00eb p\u00ebrfituesve kan\u00eb nj\u00eb pension mujor m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt se minimumi jetik.<\/p>\n
Sipas programit t\u00eb L\u00ebvizjes Bashk\u00eb, forca politike q\u00eb ka hartuar programin ekonomik m\u00eb t\u00eb detajuar, rritja e \u00e7do pensioni me t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn mas\u00eb sa pensioni minimal p\u00ebr t\u00eb arritur nivelin e minimumit jetik do t\u00eb k\u00ebrkonte nj\u00eb shtes\u00eb n\u00eb buxhet prej m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 1 miliard eurosh.<\/p>\n
Megjithat\u00eb, sipas saj, n\u00ebse marrim n\u00eb konsiderat\u00eb faktin q\u00eb pensionet e mesme dhe t\u00eb larta do t\u00eb rriten me nj\u00eb norm\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt duke synuar nj\u00eb nivel pensioni mesatar prej 33 mij\u00eb lek\u00ebsh, kostoja do t\u00eb zbriste me disa qindra milion\u00eb euro \u00e7do vit.<\/p>\n
Kjo kosto do t\u00eb p\u00ebrballohet pjes\u00ebrisht nga rreth midis 350 milion\u00eb deri n\u00eb 500 milion\u00eb euro q\u00eb do t\u00eb shtoheshin n\u00eb buxhetin e sigurimeve shoq\u00ebrore prej luft\u00ebs ndaj informalitetit n\u00eb pun\u00eb dhe rritjes s\u00eb pag\u00ebs minimale, nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb, dhe rikuperimit t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn di\u00e7ka m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 500 milion\u00eb eurove n\u00eb vit nga kostoja e korrupsionit, shp\u00ebrdorimeve dhe mosrealizimit t\u00eb objektivave t\u00eb miradministrimit dhe eficienc\u00ebs financiare t\u00eb institucioneve publike.<\/p>\n
L\u00ebvizja Bashk\u00eb vler\u00ebson se, politikat e zhvillimit t\u00eb q\u00ebndruesh\u00ebm ekonomik, t\u00eb shoq\u00ebruara me rritjen e ndjeshme t\u00eb pun\u00ebsimit dhe zvog\u00eblimin e popullsis\u00eb ekonomikisht joaktive, si dhe rritjen e produktivitetit t\u00eb pun\u00ebs dhe pagave, jo vet\u00ebm do t\u00eb siguronin fondet e nevojshme p\u00ebr rritjen e q\u00ebndrueshme t\u00eb pensioneve, por edhe do t\u00eb garantonin t\u00eb ardhurat p\u00ebr politika t\u00eb tjera sociale dhe p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin e sh\u00ebrbimeve publike.<\/p>\n
Statistikat m\u00eb t\u00eb fundit zyrtare t\u00eb Institutit t\u00eb Sigurimeve Shoq\u00ebrore tregojn\u00eb se n\u00eb vitin 2023, pensioni mesatar i pleq\u00ebris\u00eb n\u00eb qytet arriti n\u00eb 18 341 lek\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa ai n\u00eb fshat, 11.051 lek\u00eb, pa llogaritur k\u00ebtu kompensimet dhe p\u00ebrfitimet shtes\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Vet\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb sjell\u00eb pensionin mesatar (jo at\u00eb minimal) n\u00eb qytet n\u00eb nivelin e 20 mij\u00eb lek\u00ebve n\u00eb muaj do t\u00eb duhej nj\u00eb shpenzim shtes\u00eb p\u00ebr \u00e7do pensionist prej af\u00ebrsisht 20 mij\u00eb lek\u00ebsh (rreth 200 euro n\u00eb vit). Duke qen\u00eb se n\u00eb fund t\u00eb vitit 2024, numri i pensioneve t\u00eb pleq\u00ebris\u00eb n\u00eb qytet vler\u00ebsohet t\u00eb ket\u00eb arritur n\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 520 mij\u00eb, vet\u00ebm kostoja e rritjes s\u00eb pensionit mesatar n\u00eb qytet n\u00eb 200 euro n\u00eb muaj do t\u00eb arrinte n\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 104 milion\u00eb euro n\u00eb vit.<\/p>\n
Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, p\u00ebr t\u00eb \u00e7uar pensionin mesatar t\u00eb pleq\u00ebris\u00eb n\u00eb fshat n\u00eb nivelin e 20 mij\u00eb lek\u00ebve n\u00eb muaj do t\u00eb duhej nj\u00eb shtes\u00eb vjetore prej m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 107 mij\u00eb lek\u00ebsh (rreth 1070 euro) p\u00ebr \u00e7do pension. E llogaritur p\u00ebr af\u00ebrsisht 80 mij\u00eb pensione rurale, fatura do t\u00eb rezultonte rreth 86 milion\u00eb euro.<\/p>\n
Pensioni mesatar i invaliditetit n\u00eb qytet vler\u00ebsohej n\u00eb 2023 n\u00eb 17 270 lek\u00eb. P\u00ebr ta \u00e7uar at\u00eb n\u00eb nivelin e 20 mij\u00eb lek\u00ebve n\u00eb muaj, do t\u00eb duhej nj\u00eb shtes\u00eb prej rreth 27 eurosh n\u00eb muaj, ose af\u00ebrsisht 330 euro n\u00eb vit. P\u00ebr rreth 60 mij\u00eb pensione invaliditeti t\u00eb raportuara, fatura totale do t\u00eb arrinte n\u00eb gati 20 milion\u00eb euro n\u00eb vit.<\/p>\n
Pensioni mesatar i invaliditetit n\u00eb fshat raportohej n\u00eb shum\u00ebn 8677 lek\u00eb. P\u00ebr ta \u00e7uar n\u00eb 20 mij\u00eb lek\u00eb, do t\u00eb duhej nj\u00eb shtes\u00eb prej 136 eurosh n\u00eb muaj, ose 1630 eurosh n\u00eb vit. P\u00ebr rreth 5500 pensione invaliditeti, fatura totale do t\u00eb arrinte n\u00eb rreth 9 milion\u00eb euro.<\/p>\n
Nj\u00eb pension mesatar familjar n\u00eb qytet n\u00eb 2023 vler\u00ebsohej n\u00eb mas\u00ebn 8558 n\u00eb muaj. P\u00ebr ta \u00e7uar vler\u00ebn mesatare n\u00eb 20 mij\u00eb lek\u00eb do t\u00eb nevojitet nj\u00eb shtes\u00eb prej 115 euro n\u00eb muaj, ose rreth 1380 euro n\u00eb vit. P\u00ebr rreth 44 mij\u00eb pensione familjare, shpenzimi shtes\u00eb vler\u00ebsohet n\u00eb rreth 61 milion\u00eb euro n\u00eb vit.<\/p>\n
Nj\u00eb pension familjar n\u00eb fshat n\u00eb 2023 vler\u00ebsohej mesatarisht n\u00eb 1884 lek\u00eb n\u00eb muaj. P\u00ebr ta \u00e7uar at\u00eb n\u00eb 20 mij\u00eb lek\u00eb n\u00eb muaj, do t\u00eb duhej nj\u00eb shtes\u00eb prej m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 180 eurosh n\u00eb muaj, ose gati 2200 euro n\u00eb vit. P\u00ebr rreth 5500 pensione familjare fshati, fatura totale llogaritet n\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 12 milion\u00eb euro n\u00eb vit.<\/p>\n
Vet\u00ebm fatura p\u00ebr t\u00eb \u00e7uar t\u00eb gjitha pensionet mesatare n\u00eb nivelin e 200 eurove llogaritet n\u00eb pothuajse 300 milion\u00eb euro n\u00eb vit. Megjithat\u00eb, llogaritja nuk merr parasysh rritjen e mundshme t\u00eb mas\u00ebs s\u00eb pensioneve mesatare gjat\u00eb 2024, p\u00ebr munges\u00eb t\u00eb dh\u00ebnash. Rrjedhimisht, n\u00eb raport me t\u00eb dh\u00ebnat m\u00eb t\u00eb reja, fatura e rritjes mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb pak m\u00eb e ul\u00ebt.<\/p>\n
Ve\u00e7 minimumit jetik 200 euro, Partia Demokratike premton rritje t\u00eb pensioneve me 20% (duke iu referuar pensioneve q\u00eb jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb larta se niveli i propozuar i pensionit minimal\/minimumit jetik), nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebr pensionet q\u00eb jan\u00eb posht\u00eb nivelit t\u00eb minimumit jetik (llogaritur n\u00eb 20 mij\u00eb lek\u00eb), rritja do t\u00eb jet\u00eb edhe m\u00eb e madhe.<\/p>\n
Sipas t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave fiskale paraprake, shpenzimet totale t\u00eb skem\u00ebs s\u00eb sigurimeve shoq\u00ebrore p\u00ebr vitin e kaluar ishin 188 miliard\u00eb lek\u00eb. K\u00ebshtu, me nj\u00eb vler\u00ebsim alternativ dhe paralel, nj\u00eb rritje prej t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 20% e pensioneve do t\u00eb p\u00ebrkthehej n\u00eb nj\u00eb shpenzim vjetor shtes\u00eb prej t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 380 milion\u00eb eurosh.<\/p>\n
Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, vendosja e minimumit jetik do t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshinte edhe rritjen e ndihm\u00ebs ekonomike. Edhe n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb rast llogaritjet jan\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebshtira, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb detajimit t\u00eb vog\u00ebl n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn e raportimit t\u00eb tyre.<\/p>\n
Megjithat\u00eb, sipas sh\u00ebrbimit social shtet\u00ebror, n\u00eb fund t\u00eb vitit 2024, num\u00ebroheshin rreth 45 mij\u00eb familje n\u00eb ndihm\u00eb ekonomike, q\u00eb trajtoheshin n\u00eb total me nj\u00eb fond mesatar mujor prej rreth 400 milion\u00eb lek\u00ebsh. Mbi k\u00ebt\u00eb baz\u00eb, ndihma ekonomike mund t\u00eb llogaritet n\u00eb af\u00ebrsisht 8800 lek\u00eb n\u00eb muaj p\u00ebr familje.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebr ta \u00e7uar n\u00eb 20 mij\u00eb lek\u00eb n\u00eb muaj do t\u00eb duhej nj\u00eb shtes\u00eb prej rreth 1350 eurosh n\u00eb vit. P\u00ebr 45 mij\u00eb familje, q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb numri mesatar i p\u00ebrfituesve, fatura totale arrin n\u00eb rreth 61 milion\u00eb euro n\u00eb vit.<\/p>\n
Megjithat\u00eb, koncepti i minimumit jetik duhet t\u00eb llogaritet p\u00ebr person. Duke qen\u00eb se, sipas INSTAT, nj\u00eb nj\u00ebsi familjare ka mesatarisht 3.7 persona, at\u00ebher\u00eb fatura shtes\u00eb e minimumit jetik p\u00ebr ndihm\u00ebn ekonomike duhet t\u00eb arrij\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 225 milion\u00eb euro.<\/p>\n
Me gjith\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00ebsit\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb kryer llogaritje t\u00eb sakta, \u00ebsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb se vendosja e nj\u00eb minimumi jetik prej t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 200 eurosh, do t\u00eb kishte nj\u00eb kosto shum\u00eb t\u00eb madhe p\u00ebr buxhetin. Do t\u00eb ishte shum\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb q\u00eb k\u00ebto kosto t\u00eb mbuloheshin pa siguruar t\u00eb ardhura shtes\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa premtimet p\u00ebr t\u00eb siguruar minimumin jetik duke aplikuar nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht edhe ulje t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme t\u00eb taksave ting\u00ebllojn\u00eb edhe m\u00eb pak realiste.<\/p>\n
A mund t\u00eb ulen kostot e administrat\u00ebs me 1 miliard euro?<\/p>\n
Partia Mund\u00ebsia ka p\u00ebrcjell\u00eb n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb fushat\u00eb nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr premtim radikal: shkurtimin e kostove t\u00eb administrat\u00ebs me 1 miliard euro n\u00eb vit.<\/p>\n
Sipas programit t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj partie, administrata shqiptare sot \u00ebsht\u00eb e fryr\u00eb, joefikase dhe shpeshher\u00eb abuzive me fondet publike. N\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet reduktimit t\u00eb burokracis\u00eb, eliminimit t\u00eb pun\u00ebsimeve fiktive dhe kontrollit t\u00eb rrept\u00eb mbi shpenzimet, mund t\u00eb kursehen t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 1 miliard euro n\u00eb vit.<\/p>\n
Partia Mund\u00ebsia shprehet se ky kursim do t\u00eb b\u00ebj\u00eb t\u00eb mundur uljen e taksave dhe rritjen e investimeve n\u00eb sektor\u00ebt jetik\u00eb si arsimi dhe sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsia, duke p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsuar jet\u00ebn e p\u00ebrditshme t\u00eb qytetar\u00ebve. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, nj\u00eb administrat\u00eb m\u00eb e vog\u00ebl dhe m\u00eb efikase do t\u00eb jet\u00eb m\u00eb pak e korruptuar dhe m\u00eb transparente, duke rritur besimin e qytetar\u00ebve tek institucionet.<\/p>\n
Sipas programit, gjysma e shum\u00ebs s\u00eb kursyer, pra 500 milion\u00eb euro, do t\u00eb shkojn\u00eb p\u00ebr sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsin\u00eb, arsimin, pensionet dhe kontributin p\u00ebr f\u00ebmij\u00ebt n\u00eb familje n\u00eb nevoj\u00eb. Gjysma tjet\u00ebr do t\u00eb ndihmoj\u00eb n\u00eb ekuilibrimin e buxhetit pas vendosjes s\u00eb taks\u00ebs s\u00eb shesht\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Sipas treguesve fiskal\u00eb t\u00eb qeveris\u00eb, p\u00ebr vitin 2024, buxheti shpenzoi gati 113 miliard\u00eb lek\u00eb p\u00ebr personelin dhe m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 80 miliard\u00eb lek\u00eb t\u00eb tjera p\u00ebr shpenzime operative dhe mir\u00ebmbajtjeje, me kosto totale prej gati 2 miliard\u00eb eurosh. Premtimi p\u00ebr ta p\u00ebrgjysmuar k\u00ebt\u00eb kosto duket n\u00eb vetvete shum\u00eb ambicioz. Kjo do t\u00eb k\u00ebrkonte paralelisht shkurtime t\u00eb m\u00ebdha mes gati 185 mij\u00eb punonj\u00ebsve t\u00eb sektorit publik dhe ulje drastike t\u00eb kostove t\u00eb funksionimit t\u00eb administrat\u00ebs.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb munges\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00eb plani t\u00eb detajuar se si do t\u00eb b\u00ebhet ulja e k\u00ebtyre shpenzimeve, nj\u00eb premtim i till\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb vler\u00ebsohet me objektivitet.<\/p>\n
Megjithat\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb se shkurtimi n\u00eb p\u00ebrmasa t\u00eb m\u00ebdha i personelit dhe shpenzimeve t\u00eb administrat\u00ebs v\u00ebshtir\u00eb se do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhej n\u00eb afate t\u00eb shkurtra, pa pasur ndikime t\u00eb m\u00ebdha negative n\u00eb cil\u00ebsin\u00eb e ofrimit t\u00eb sh\u00ebrbimeve publike.<\/p>\n
Ku do t\u00eb gjenden parat\u00eb?<\/p>\n
Kur b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr ulje t\u00eb taksave apo rritje t\u00eb shpenzimeve, n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi argumenti q\u00eb kan\u00eb p\u00ebrdorur historikisht forcat politike \u00ebsht\u00eb lufta ndaj korrupsionit dhe informalitetit.<\/p>\n
Sipas tyre, lufta ndaj k\u00ebtyre fenomeneve do t\u00eb mund\u00ebsonte t\u00eb ardhura shtes\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb financuar shpenzimet e reja t\u00eb premtuara, apo p\u00ebr t\u00eb balancuar efektin e uljes s\u00eb taksave.<\/p>\n
Duke pasur parasysh perceptimin e lart\u00eb q\u00eb ekziston p\u00ebr informalitetin dhe korrupsionin, kjo sillet gjithmon\u00eb si nj\u00eb formul\u00eb \u00e7udib\u00ebr\u00ebse p\u00ebr t\u00eb rregulluar llogarit\u00eb buxhetore.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebr vitin e kaluar, vler\u00ebsohet se t\u00eb ardhurat totale buxhetore ishin sa 29.3% e PBB-s\u00eb, nd\u00ebrsa t\u00eb ardhurat nga tatimet, sa 27% e PBB-s\u00eb. Niveli i t\u00eb ardhurave tatimore p\u00ebr Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb vler\u00ebsohet i ul\u00ebt n\u00eb raport me ekonomit\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb zhvilluara.<\/p>\n
T\u00eb dh\u00ebnat e Organizat\u00ebs p\u00ebr Bashk\u00ebpunim dhe Zhvillim Ekonomik (OECD) tregojn\u00eb se p\u00ebr vitin 2023, mesatarja e t\u00eb ardhurave tatimore ndaj PBB-s\u00eb p\u00ebr vendet an\u00ebtare ishte 33.9%. Shqip\u00ebria vler\u00ebsohet t\u00eb ket\u00eb nj\u00eb barr\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt fiskale edhe n\u00eb raport me ekonomit\u00eb fqinje t\u00eb rajonit, ku t\u00eb ardhurat fiskale ndaj PBB-s\u00eb jan\u00eb sip\u00ebr kufirit t\u00eb 30%.<\/p>\n
T\u00eb pakt\u00ebn n\u00eb nj\u00eb k\u00ebndv\u00ebshtrim krahasues, duket se Shqip\u00ebria ka hap\u00ebsira p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur t\u00eb ardhurat tatimore, por nga ana tjet\u00ebr \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb thuhet sa jan\u00eb potencialet reale t\u00eb rritjes s\u00eb t\u00eb ardhurave nga lufta ndaj informalitetit apo korrupsionit.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb kushte t\u00eb nj\u00eb rritjeje ekonomike t\u00eb k\u00ebnaqshme prej rreth 4% dhe nj\u00eb inflacioni pran\u00eb objektivit prej 3%, mund t\u00eb supozohet se rritja organike e t\u00eb ardhurave buxhetore, pa llogaritur ndryshime t\u00eb mundshme fiskale dhe ndikimin e faktor\u00ebve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb rreth 7% ose rreth 50 miliard\u00eb lek\u00eb n\u00eb vit, llogaritur mbi t\u00eb ardhurat e vitit 2024.<\/p>\n
Niveli i informalitetit n\u00eb ekonomin\u00eb shqiptare, bazuar n\u00eb vler\u00ebsime t\u00eb ndryshme, \u00ebsht\u00eb luhatur n\u00eb t\u00eb shkuar\u00ebn mes 30% dhe 50%. Megjith\u00ebse b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr nivele t\u00eb supozuara shum\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha, logjika sugjeron se, n\u00eb vitet e fundit, informaliteti ka ardhur n\u00eb r\u00ebnie, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb nj\u00eb presioni ligjor n\u00eb rritje.<\/p>\n
Pavar\u00ebsisht k\u00ebsaj, duke pasur parasysh evazionin e madh t\u00eb perceptuar ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb sektor\u00ebt e sh\u00ebrbimeve t\u00eb lidhur me turizmin, potencialet p\u00ebr t\u00eb rritur t\u00eb ardhurat nga formalizimi ekzistojn\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, lufta ndaj informalitetit k\u00ebrkon forcim t\u00eb shtetit ligjor, ulje t\u00eb korrupsionit dhe shk\u00ebputje nga q\u00ebndrimet populiste, t\u00eb gjitha sfida madhore p\u00ebr qeverisjen dhe politik\u00ebn shqiptare n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi.<\/p>\n
Programet elektorale q\u00eb mb\u00ebshteten vet\u00ebm n\u00eb formula abstrakte, si lufta ndaj informalitetit dhe korrupsionit, jan\u00eb d\u00ebshmuar pak t\u00eb besueshme n\u00eb t\u00eb shkuar\u00ebn.<\/p>\n
Sado i sinqert\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb vullneti p\u00ebr t\u2019i luftuar k\u00ebto fenomene, historia ka treguar se reduktimi i tyre dhe marrja e rezultateve n\u00eb rritjen apo kursimin e t\u00eb ardhurave buxhetore \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb proces i gjat\u00eb dhe p\u00ebrpjekje e vazhdueshme.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, shumica e forcave politike opozitare shfaqin edhe nj\u00eb paradoks ideologjik n\u00eb programet e tyre: ato propozojn\u00eb platforma \u201ct\u00eb djathta\u201d n\u00eb taksim, por \u201ct\u00eb majta\u201d n\u00eb shpenzime.<\/p>\n
Logjika dhe p\u00ebrvoja sugjerojn\u00eb se n\u00eb vija t\u00eb p\u00ebrgjithshme ka dy alternativa, kur b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr taksimin dhe buxhetimin: ose t\u00eb aplikosh taksa t\u00eb larta dhe do t\u00eb ofrosh m\u00eb shum\u00eb sh\u00ebrbime, mb\u00ebshtetje sociale dhe rishp\u00ebrndarje; ose t\u00eb aplikosh taksa t\u00eb ul\u00ebta dhe t\u2019i ofrosh publikut m\u00eb pak sh\u00ebrbime dhe mb\u00ebshtetje shtet\u00ebrore. Ofertat q\u00eb i premtojn\u00eb t\u00eb dyja nj\u00ebkoh\u00ebsisht kan\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb t\u00eb ngjar\u00eb t\u00eb jen\u00eb \u201ckarrem\u201d elektoral, ose iluzione p\u00ebr t\u00eb mbledhur vota.\/ Ersuin Shehu \/ MONITOR<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Forcat politike shtrojn\u00eb premtime ambicioze p\u00ebr ulje t\u00eb taksave ose rritje t\u00eb shpenzimeve, por pa analiza t\u00eb argumentuara p\u00ebr m\u00ebnyr\u00ebn se si do t\u00eb financohen k\u00ebto premtime. Nj\u00eb vler\u00ebsim i pjessh\u00ebm mbi fatur\u00ebn financiare t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre premtimeve tregon se zbatimi i nj\u00ebkohsh\u00ebm i masave q\u00eb premtojn\u00eb ulje t\u00eb m\u00ebdha t\u00eb taksave dhe rritje t\u00eb shpenzimeve, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2037,"featured_media":414413,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[241,364,5380,231,1454,235],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-414412","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-aktualitet","8":"category-koment-opinion","9":"category-kryesore","10":"category-lajme","11":"category-politike","12":"category-vendi"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/414412","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2037"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=414412"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/414412\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":414415,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/414412\/revisions\/414415"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/414413"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=414412"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=414412"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=414412"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}