N\u00eb 3 dekadat e fundit, sulmet terroriste n\u00eb shkall\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb, t\u00eb motivuara nga besime t\u00eb ekstremit t\u00eb djatht\u00eb, jan\u00eb kryer thuajse ekskluzivisht nga aktor\u00eb t\u00eb vet\u00ebm dhe celula t\u00eb vogla autonome. Arsyeja \u00ebsht\u00eb e thjesht\u00eb. Ruajtja e nj\u00eb grupi t\u00eb ekstremit t\u00eb djatht\u00eb me ambicie terroriste, \u00ebsht\u00eb di\u00e7ka e pamundur sot n\u00eb demokracit\u00eb per\u00ebndimore, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb monitorimit t\u00eb fort\u00eb t\u00eb shtetit, dhe munges\u00ebs s\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetjes s\u00eb jashtme, dhe nj\u00eb strehimi t\u00eb sigurt.<\/p>\n
Nj\u00eb shembull i koh\u00ebve t\u00eb fundit i ekstremist\u00ebve q\u00eb u p\u00ebrpoq\u00ebn, por nuk arrit\u00ebn t\u00eb p\u00ebrgatisin ndonj\u00eb sulm, \u00ebsht\u00eb grupi britanik \u201cVeprimi Komb\u00ebtar\u201d, udh\u00ebheq\u00ebsit dhe aktivist\u00ebt e t\u00eb cil\u00ebs, ndodhen aktualisht n\u00eb burg t\u00eb d\u00ebnuar me burgim t\u00eb p\u00ebrjetsh\u00ebm. Kjo u l\u00eb dy mund\u00ebsi revolucionar\u00ebve t\u00eb ekstremit t\u00eb djatht\u00eb: t\u00eb veprojn\u00eb n\u00eb publik, por t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbahen nga sjelljet e paligjshme, ose t\u00eb veprojn\u00eb n\u00eb fsheht\u00ebsi t\u00eb plot\u00eb.<\/p>\n
\u00c7el\u00ebsi p\u00ebr t\u00eb kuptuar k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimin e sot\u00ebm terrorist, \u00ebsht\u00eb t\u00eb zbulohet bota e n\u00ebndheshme online, e cila \u00ebsht\u00eb shnd\u00ebrruar n\u00eb nj\u00eb terren ushqyes p\u00ebr ekstremist\u00ebt bashk\u00ebkohor\u00eb t\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha llojeve, p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb autor\u00ebt e masakr\u00ebs n\u00eb Krist\u00e7\u00ebr\u00e7 t\u00eb Zeland\u00ebs s\u00eb Re.<\/p>\n
Megjithat\u00eb mbetet \u00e7\u00ebshtja n\u00ebse nj\u00eb l\u00ebvizje aktuale e fsheht\u00eb, nj\u00eb rrjet aktivist\u00ebsh t\u00eb p\u00ebrkushtuar q\u00eb punojn\u00eb s\u00eb bashku, n\u00ebp\u00ebrmjet aplikacioneve t\u00eb koduara n\u00eb internet, p\u00ebr t\u00eb p\u00ebrgatitur sulmet e ardhshme terroriste, ekziston n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb transnacionale. Askush nuk mund ta dij\u00eb me siguri, por duke par\u00eb sulmet e m\u00ebparshme, jan\u00eb gjetur disa gjurm\u00eb q\u00eb sugjerojn\u00eb q\u00eb rrjete t\u00eb tilla transnacionale, ekzistojn\u00eb sot brenda t\u00eb djatht\u00ebs ekstreme.<\/p>\n
Shembulli m\u00eb i spikatur, \u00ebsht\u00eb celula terroriste e Qytetar\u00ebve Nacionalist\u00eb Gjerman\u00eb (NSU), e cila midis viteve 2000-2006, vrau 9 emigrant\u00eb dhe polic\u00eb, dhe kreu t\u00eb pakt\u00ebn 3 sulme t\u00eb ve\u00e7anta me bomba. Hetimet e policis\u00ebzbuluan se kjo celul\u00eb me 3 persona, kishte marr\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje financiare dhe operacionale, nga nj\u00eb rrjet m\u00eb i gjer\u00eb n\u00ebntok\u00ebsor.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebrtej Gjermanis\u00eb, vende t\u00eb tjera ku gjenden rrjete t\u00eb n\u00ebndheshme t\u00eb ekstremit t\u00eb djatht\u00eb me ambicie terroriste, p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb Italin\u00eb, Franc\u00ebn, Shtetet e Bashkuara dhe Rusin\u00eb. N\u00eb fakt, pas vitit 1990, numri i sulmeve vdekjeprur\u00ebse nga ana e ekstremit t\u00eb djatht\u00eb p\u00ebr 1 milion banor\u00eb, ka qen\u00eb disa her\u00eb m\u00eb i lart\u00eb n\u00eb Rusi, se sa n\u00eb \u00e7do vend tjet\u00ebr.<\/p>\n
Demokracit\u00eb per\u00ebndimore, po p\u00ebrballen sot me dy lloj k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimesh t\u00eb dhunshme nga e djathta ekstreme. Nga nj\u00ebra an\u00eb, shumica e sulmeve jan\u00eb spontane, dhe kryhen nga aktor\u00eb t\u00eb paorganizuar me nj\u00eb motiv ekstremist, shpesh n\u00ebn ndikimin e alkoolit ose drog\u00ebs. Arm\u00ebt m\u00eb t\u00eb zakonshme q\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren jan\u00eb thikat, grushtet, shkopinjt\u00eb dhe shufrat e hekurit. Sulme t\u00eb tilla, normalisht nuk klasifikohen si akte terroriste.<\/p>\n
Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, shumica e sulmeve n\u00eb shkall\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb me shum\u00eb viktima, kryhen nga aktor\u00eb t\u00eb vet\u00ebm ose nga celula t\u00eb vogla autonome. K\u00ebto sulme jan\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb rralla, gjithmon\u00eb t\u00eb paramenduara, dhe zakonisht n\u00eb to p\u00ebrdoren arm\u00eb zjarri dhe eksploziv\u00eb. Mysliman\u00ebt jan\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb objektiv par\u00ebsor koh\u00ebt e fundit, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb edhe sulmin n\u00eb Krist\u00e7\u00ebr\u00e7.<\/p>\n
Megjithat\u00eb, edhe pse po sulmojn\u00eb objektiva t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm, autor\u00ebt po veprojn\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb izoluar nga nj\u00ebri-tjetri, pa nj\u00eb komunikim t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb, apo bashk\u00ebpunim formal mes tyre. Por kjo nuk do t\u00eb thot\u00eb se k\u00ebta aktor\u00eb t\u00eb vetmuar dhe celula autonome, nuk frym\u00ebzohen nga nj\u00ebri-tjetri.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb manifestin e terroristit t\u00eb Krist\u00e7\u00ebr\u00e7, vras\u00ebsi masiv norvegjez, Anders Behring Breivik, quhet burimi i vet\u00ebm i v\u00ebrtet\u00eb i frym\u00ebzimit. M\u00eb 22 korrik 2011, Breivik shp\u00ebrtheu nj\u00eb bomb\u00eb pran\u00eb godin\u00ebs s\u00eb qeveris\u00eb norvegjeze n\u00eb zem\u00ebr t\u00eb Oslos, duke vrar\u00eb 8 persona, para se t\u00eb vriste 69 njer\u00ebz t\u00eb tjer\u00eb n\u00eb Utoja, nj\u00eb ishull i vog\u00ebl 37 km larg kryeqytetit, 158 persona t\u00eb tjer\u00eb mbet\u00ebn t\u00eb plagosur r\u00ebnd\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Sh\u00ebnjestrat e tij, p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuesit e qeveris\u00eb dhe an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e forumit rinor t\u00eb Partis\u00eb Laburiste n\u00eb pushtet, u zgjodh\u00ebn q\u00ebllimisht si \u2018tradhtar\u00eb marksist\u00eb kulturor\u00eb\u2019, q\u00eb kishin favorizuar q\u00ebllimisht nj\u00eb \u201cpushtim musliman\u201d t\u00eb Norvegjis\u00eb. Sulmi terrorist i Breivik, ishte unik n\u00eb disa aspekte. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 numrit t\u00eb madh t\u00eb vdekjeve, ai qe nj\u00eb nga ato raste kur autori i dhun\u00ebs ishte t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht i vet\u00eb-radikalizuar n\u00eb internet .Sulmi terrorist i Breivikut ishte unik n\u00eb disa m\u00ebnyra. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 numrit t\u00eb madh t\u00eb vdekjeve, ishte nj\u00eb nga disa raste kur autori i dhun\u00ebs ishte plot\u00ebsisht i vet\u00eb-radikalizuar n\u00eb internet .Ai ishte i vetmi sulm kompleks i nj\u00eb ekstremisti t\u00eb djatht\u00eb gjat\u00eb 3 dekadave t\u00eb kaluara, q\u00eb kombinoi eksplozivin me arm\u00ebt e zjarrit.<\/p>\n
Por aspekti m\u00eb i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsish\u00ebm i historis\u00eb s\u00eb Breivik, \u00ebsht\u00eb mungesa e mb\u00ebshtetjes q\u00eb pati brenda l\u00ebvizjes pas sulmeve. Arsyeja kryesore, ka t\u00eb ngjar\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb brutaliteti i sulmeve, si dhe fakti q\u00eb ai vrau shum\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00eb t\u00eb bardh\u00eb. Rasti i par\u00eb i nj\u00eb personi t\u00eb frym\u00ebzuar nga Breivik, mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb arrestimi i fundit i nj\u00eb pjes\u00ebtari t\u00eb Rojes Bregdetare t\u00eb SHBA-s\u00eb, q\u00eb kishte planifikuar nj\u00eb sulm t\u00eb madh kund\u00ebr politikan\u00ebve dhe gazetar\u00ebve n\u00eb Shtetet e Bashkuara, por q\u00eb u arrestua para se t\u00eb mund ta realizonte at\u00eb sulm.<\/p>\n
Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb, i dyshuari p\u00ebr masakr\u00ebn n\u00eb Kris\u00e7\u00ebr\u00e7, \u00ebsht\u00eb pra i vetmi rast i qart\u00eb i nj\u00eb ndjek\u00ebsi t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb t\u00eb Breivik. Ai l\u00eb pak dyshime p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb, kur deklaroi n\u00eb manifestin e tij, se pasi kishte lexuar veprat e shum\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00ebve, \u201cishte frym\u00ebzuar realisht nga Kalor\u00ebsi i Drejt\u00ebsis\u00eb Breivik\u201d. N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjtin manifest, ai pohon gjithashtu se kishte kontaktuar me \u201cKalor\u00ebsit e Rilindur Templar\u00eb\u201d, p\u00ebr t\u00eb marr\u00eb bekimin e tyre n\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb sulmit.<\/p>\n
\u201cKalor\u00ebsit e Rilindur Templar\u00eb\u201d, ishte organizata imagjinare e Breivikut, t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ai e shpiku q\u00ebllimisht, p\u00ebr t\u00eb frym\u00ebzuar sulmet e ardhshme. \u00cbsht\u00eb shum\u00eb her\u00ebt t\u00eb thuhet n\u00ebse kjo organizat\u00eb ka rilindur v\u00ebrtet, apo n\u00ebse ekzistojn\u00eb an\u00ebtar\u00eb ose celula t\u00eb tjera.<\/p>\n
Ashtu si Breivik, terroristi i Kris\u00e7\u00ebr\u00e7 realizoi nj\u00eb auto-intervist\u00eb, duke shpjeguar motivimin e tij, p\u00ebrgatitjet dhe preferencat ideologjike. Ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht, ai e justifikoi vrasjen e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve, duke argumentuar se \u201cf\u00ebmij\u00ebt e pushtuesve nuk q\u00ebndrojn\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00eb, ata rriten dhe riprodhohen, duke krijuar m\u00eb shum\u00eb pushtues p\u00ebr t\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuar popullin tend\u201d.<\/p>\n
Vet\u00eb Breivik, nuk e justifikonte vrasjen e f\u00ebmij\u00ebve n\u00eb manifestin e tij, por 33 nga viktimat e tij n\u00eb Utoja ishin n\u00ebn 18-vje\u00e7. Madje 2 prej tyre ishin vet\u00ebm 14-vje\u00e7. Manifesti i Breivik ishte nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb 1.516 faqe i gjat\u00eb, n\u00eb krahasim me manifestin prej 74 faqesh t\u00eb terroristit t\u00eb Krist\u00e7\u00ebr\u00e7, dhe i shkruar n\u00eb nj\u00eb gjuh\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb drejtp\u00ebrdrejt\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Duke pasur parasysh se terroristi i Krist\u00e7\u00ebr\u00e7, shenjestroi xhamit\u00eb dhe mysliman\u00ebt n\u00eb vend t\u00eb f\u00ebmij\u00ebve t\u00eb bardh\u00eb, ai mund t\u00eb g\u00ebzoj\u00eb nj\u00eb status m\u00eb t\u00eb lart\u00eb brenda l\u00ebvizjes s\u00eb n\u00ebndheshme terroriste se sa Breivik. N\u00eb fakt, ka q\u00eb tani indikacione se an\u00ebtar\u00ebt e forumeve t\u00eb ekstremit t\u00eb djatht\u00eb i mb\u00ebshtesin sulme t\u00eb tilla.<\/p>\n
Sulmi i s\u00eb premtes, duhet t\u00eb na kujtoj\u00eb se n\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e demokracive per\u00ebndimore, numri i ngjarjeve vdekjeprur\u00ebse, t\u00eb motivuara nga bindje e ekstremit t\u00eb djatht\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb duksh\u00ebm m\u00eb i lart\u00eb se ato t\u00eb motivuara nga ekstremizmi islamik.<\/p>\n
Th\u00ebn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb, ai \u00ebsht\u00eb kryesisht nj\u00eb k\u00ebrc\u00ebnim n\u00ebntok\u00ebsor dhe i paorganizuar, dhe ata q\u00eb form\u00ebsojn\u00eb opinionin publik, duhet t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb kujdessh\u00ebm kur faj\u00ebsojn\u00eb ata q\u00eb veprojn\u00eb n\u00eb sfer\u00ebn publike dhe brenda kufijve ligjor\u00eb, si partit\u00eb radikale t\u00eb djathta apo l\u00ebvizjet kund\u00ebr emigrant\u00ebve.<\/p>\n
Ekziston nj\u00eb korrelacion negativ midis mb\u00ebshtetjes elektorale p\u00ebr partit\u00eb radikale t\u00eb djathta n\u00eb demokracit\u00eb per\u00ebndimore, dhe niveleve t\u00eb sulmeve vdekjeprur\u00ebse me nj\u00eb motivim t\u00eb ekstremit t\u00eb djatht\u00eb. Nd\u00ebrsa parti dhe l\u00ebvizje t\u00eb tilla, mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb n\u00eb disa raste k\u00ebrc\u00ebnim p\u00ebr vlerat demokratike dhe t\u00eb drejtat e pakicave, k\u00ebrc\u00ebnimi i nj\u00eb dhune n\u00eb shkall\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb, vjen nga bota e nendhsshme e internetit, dhe politik\u00ebb\u00ebr\u00ebsit duhet t\u00eb din\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb, se p\u00ebrse disa njer\u00ebz t\u00ebrhiqen nga ajo bot\u00eb e err\u00ebt.<\/p>\n
Sh\u00ebnim: Jacob Aasland Ravndal, \u00ebsht\u00eb bashk\u00ebpun\u00ebtor n\u00eb Qendr\u00ebn p\u00ebr K\u00ebrkime mbi Ekstremizmin n\u00eb Universitetin e Oslos.\/\u201cForeign Policy\u201d.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
N\u00eb 3 dekadat e fundit, sulmet terroriste n\u00eb shkall\u00eb t\u00eb gjer\u00eb, t\u00eb motivuara nga besime t\u00eb ekstremit t\u00eb djatht\u00eb, jan\u00eb kryer thuajse ekskluzivisht nga aktor\u00eb t\u00eb vet\u00ebm dhe celula t\u00eb vogla autonome. Arsyeja \u00ebsht\u00eb e thjesht\u00eb. Ruajtja e nj\u00eb grupi t\u00eb ekstremit t\u00eb djatht\u00eb me ambicie terroriste, \u00ebsht\u00eb di\u00e7ka e pamundur sot n\u00eb demokracit\u00eb per\u00ebndimore, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2013,"featured_media":77919,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[241,205],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-77918","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-aktualitet","8":"category-teknologji"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/77918","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2013"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=77918"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/77918\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/77919"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=77918"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=77918"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=77918"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}