Gjat\u00eb vitit 2018, 38.703 shqiptar\u00eb lan\u00eb vendin p\u00ebr t\u00eb emigruar jasht\u00eb kufijve. M\u00eb her\u00ebt, n\u00eb vitet 2011-2017 u num\u00ebruan 330 mij\u00eb persona q\u00eb ik\u00ebn si emigrant\u00eb. Shifrat b\u00ebhen publike zyrtarisht nga Instituti i Statistikave. Situata \u00ebsht\u00eb serioze, thon\u00eb ekspert\u00ebt. Ata k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb nga klasa politike q\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyhet sa m\u00eb par\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndaluar k\u00ebt\u00eb fenomen, i cili s\u00eb fundmi po i merr vendit t\u00eb rinjt\u00eb e kualifikuar.<\/p>\n
Emigracion elitar<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Sociologu G\u00ebzim Tushi thot\u00eb p\u00ebr Deutsche Welle-n, se emigracioni i viteve t\u00eb fundit \u00ebsht\u00eb krejt i ndrysh\u00ebm nga ai i viteve \u201990, i cili sipas tij kishte karakter politik dhe preku t\u00eb gjith\u00eb shtresat shoq\u00ebrore. \u201cTani po p\u00ebrballemi me nj\u00eb emigracion q\u00eb un\u00eb e quaj t\u00eb vonuar, i cili ndryshon nga ai i viteve \u201990. Ndryshon nga p\u00ebrmasat, nga motivimet, nga arsyet, nga shkaqet, nga struktura sociale e atyre q\u00eb largohen.\u201d<\/p>\n Arsyet e emigrimit t\u00eb ri<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Sipas ekspertit, G\u00ebzim Tushi ata q\u00eb po braktisin sot vendin jan\u00eb t\u00eb lodhur nga pritja e vazhdueshme p\u00ebr zbatimin e reformave n\u00eb ekonomi, politik\u00eb, arsim dhe sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsi. Faktor\u00ebt e shumt\u00eb, arsyeton Tushi, \u00e7ojn\u00eb edhe n\u00eb nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb pasojash t\u00eb r\u00ebnda p\u00ebr shoq\u00ebrin\u00eb shqiptare. \u201cEmigracioni i fundit po jep pasoja t\u00eb fuqishme demografike dhe social-ekonomike, si\u00e7 \u00ebsht\u00eb boshatisja e vendit, plakja e popullsis\u00eb, ulja e numrit t\u00eb lindjeve, n\u00eb t\u00eb cilat emigracioni ka \u201cpesh\u00ebn e luanit\u201d, sepse ata q\u00eb largohen nga vendi jan\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht mosh\u00eb e re, me aft\u00ebsi t\u00eb m\u00ebdha prodhuese. Nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e mir\u00eb e tyre jan\u00eb elitar\u00eb nga pik\u00ebpamja profesionale dhe kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb shqet\u00ebsuese. Po ik\u00ebn elita e vendit, \u201ctruri\u201d, largimi i profesionist\u00ebve si\u00e7 jan\u00eb inxhinier\u00ebt, mjek\u00ebt, punonj\u00ebs t\u00eb IT-s\u00eb, infermier\u00eb, m\u00ebsues, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt kur largohen nga vendi, krijojn\u00eb vakuume q\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb plot\u00ebsohen kollaj. P\u00ebr ta \u00ebsht\u00eb investuar dhe largimi i tyre krijon boshll\u00ebqe t\u00eb m\u00ebdha\u201d, i thot\u00eb G\u00ebzim Tushi DW-s\u00eb.<\/p>\n \u201cDeformim i statusit\u201d<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n N\u00eb mesin e atyre q\u00eb e braktisin Shqip\u00ebrin\u00eb ka edhe nj\u00eb kategori shqet\u00ebsuese p\u00ebr ekspert\u00ebt. Kategoria e t\u00eb painformuarve. Ata ikin n\u00eb emigracion pa nj\u00eb objektiv, thot\u00eb G\u00ebzim Rushi. \u201cEkziston edhe nj\u00eb emigracion q\u00eb b\u00ebhet pa kusht, pra \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb ikje pa objektiv, pa nj\u00eb busull t\u00eb qart\u00eb, pa nj\u00eb orientim t\u00eb qart\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb. Dometh\u00ebn\u00eb ikin p\u00ebr t\u00eb ikur. Mua kjo m\u00eb shqet\u00ebson. M\u00eb shqet\u00ebson gjithashtu statusi i emigrant\u00ebve q\u00eb ikin nga Shqip\u00ebria dhe shkojn\u00eb n\u00eb vendet e Per\u00ebndimit. \u00cbsht\u00eb e papranueshme q\u00eb inxhinieri b\u00ebhet murator, m\u00ebsuesja b\u00ebhet babysitter, mban t\u00eb moshuarin etj. Pra ky deformim i statusit, t\u00eb ik\u00ebsh nga vendi yt duke qen\u00eb k\u00ebtu dikushi dhe shkon n\u00eb emigracion p\u00ebr t\u2019u b\u00ebr\u00eb askushi mua m\u00eb duket e palogjikshme\u201d.<\/p>\n Kriza politike dhe papun\u00ebsia<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Referuar Institutit t\u00eb Statistikave, n\u00eb fund t\u00eb vitit 2018 shkalla zyrtare e papun\u00ebsis\u00eb n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri arriti n\u00eb 12.3% dhe krijimi i vendeve t\u00eb reja t\u00eb pun\u00ebs u ngadal\u00ebsua ndjesh\u00ebm. Eksperti i ekonomis\u00eb, Selami Xhepa argumenton se situata ekonomike lidhet drejp\u00ebrs\u00ebdrejti me situat\u00ebn politike n\u00eb vend. \u201cAjo q\u00eb spikat \u00ebsht\u00eb se sa her\u00eb ka acarime t\u00eb situat\u00ebs politike, fenomeni i emigracionit rishfaqet s\u00ebrish. Kur ka pasur normalitet, kur ekonomia ka qen\u00eb n\u00eb zhvillim dhe politika brenda normalitetit dhe standardeve demokratike, qytetar\u00ebt jan\u00eb kthyer dhe jan\u00eb p\u00ebrpjekur t\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb jet\u00ebn e tyre n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri.\u201d<\/p>\n Eksperti, Selami Xhepa v\u00ebren se nuk ka pasur vet\u00ebm largim nga Shqip\u00ebria. Sipas tij, fenomeni i riatdhesimit t\u00eb emigrant\u00ebve p\u00ebr shembull, mund t\u00eb v\u00ebrehet shum\u00eb mir\u00eb n\u00eb vitet 2006-2007 dhe 2008. \u201cPor tashm\u00eb fatkeq\u00ebsisht, ndoshta edhe p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb konfliktualitetit politik, p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsimit t\u00eb standardeve demokratike, p\u00ebrkeq\u00ebsimit t\u00eb fenomenit t\u00eb korrupsionit, rritjes s\u00eb barr\u00ebs s\u00eb taksave apo ndryshimit t\u00eb standardit t\u00eb jetes\u00ebs s\u00eb qytetar\u00ebve dhe nj\u00eb gjendjeje ekonomike n\u00eb stanjacion, \u00ebsht\u00eb rigjall\u00ebruar s\u00ebrish interesi i qytetar\u00ebve p\u00ebr t\u2019u larguar nga vendi dhe kjo d\u00ebshmohet jo ve\u00e7 me braktisje. Me t\u00eb gjith\u00eb testimet q\u00eb u b\u00ebhen t\u00eb rinjve n\u00eb ve\u00e7anti, por ndoshta edhe brezit t\u00eb mes\u00ebm, ata kan\u00eb filluar q\u00eb t\u00eb mendojn\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar nj\u00eb t\u00eb ardhme jasht\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb\u201d, thot\u00eb Xhepa p\u00ebr Deutsche Welle-n.<\/p>\n Emigracioni elitar<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n E reja e k\u00ebtij emigracioni, dhe shqet\u00ebsuese p\u00ebr ekspert\u00ebt \u00ebsht\u00eb ai q\u00eb ata e quajn\u00eb emigracioni elitar. \u201cNj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e mir\u00eb e qytetar\u00ebve q\u00eb po largohen jan\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsisht qytetar\u00eb q\u00eb kan\u00eb nj\u00eb standard t\u00eb mir\u00eb jetese n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri. Pra, kan\u00eb pasuri, kan\u00eb prona dhe kan\u00eb nd\u00ebrtuar nj\u00eb standard t\u00eb caktuar jetese. Por ata gjejn\u00eb nivelin e sh\u00ebrbimeve shum\u00eb problematik, sistemin e sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe t\u00eb edukimit problematik. Qytetari ndjehet i pa p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsuar, qytetari ndjehet pa z\u00eb dhe ndjehet i pafuqish\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndryshuar gjendjen politike t\u00eb vendit\u201d.<\/p>\n Edhe G\u00ebzim Tusha v\u00ebren dallime n\u00eb fenomenin e emigracionit, krahasuar me at\u00eb t\u00eb viteve t\u00eb para pas diktatur\u00ebs. \u201cN\u00ebqoft\u00ebse emigrant\u00ebt e viteve \u201990 ishin nj\u00eb mas\u00eb gri nga pik\u00ebpamja demografike dhe nga pik\u00ebpamja sociale, ky emigracioni i vonuar i k\u00ebtyre viteve t\u00eb fundit \u00ebsht\u00eb pak i zgjedhur. \u00cbsht\u00eb elitar\u201d.<\/p>\n Por sipas ekspertit Selami Xhepa, rol n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb situat\u00eb luan edhe tregu i pun\u00ebsimit. \u201cNga ata 1 milion njer\u00ebz q\u00eb jan\u00eb larguar, gati 40% e tyre jan\u00eb me aft\u00ebsi t\u00eb dallueshme p\u00ebr pun\u00eb, jan\u00eb \u201cskilled labor\u201d dhe largimi i \u201cskilled labor\u201d krijon probleme serioze p\u00ebr tregun e brendsh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjetur profesionist\u00eb t\u00eb aft\u00eb p\u00ebr profesione t\u00eb caktuara. P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr kjo ka krijuar edhe nj\u00eb efekt psikologjik t\u00eb demoralizimit edhe t\u00eb atyre q\u00eb jan\u00eb k\u00ebtu, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt nuk shikojn\u00eb alternativ\u00eb krijimin e aft\u00ebsive p\u00ebr pun\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u2019iu p\u00ebrgjigjur k\u00ebrkesave t\u00eb tregut t\u00eb pun\u00ebs por s\u00ebrish shikojn\u00eb si alternativ\u00eb ikjen jasht\u00eb vendit. K\u00ebshtu q\u00eb edhe sfida p\u00ebr t\u00eb ardhmen mbetet m\u00eb serioze n\u00eb kuptimin e produktivitetit, sepse fakti q\u00eb largohet \u201cskilled labor\u201d do t\u00eb thot\u00eb q\u00eb \u00e7\u00ebshtja e produktivitetit t\u00eb fuqis\u00eb pun\u00ebtore do t\u00eb jet\u00eb nj\u00eb problem serioz dhe q\u00eb do t\u00eb manifestohet n\u00eb vitet n\u00eb vazhdim\u201d.<\/p>\n Zgjidhjet<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n Selami Xhepa zgjidhjen e shikon pik\u00eb s\u00eb pari tek politika. \u201cKlasa politike e vendit duhet t\u00eb kuptoj\u00eb q\u00eb shoq\u00ebria po e braktis pak e nga pak dhe meq\u00ebn\u00ebse njer\u00ebzit ndjehen pa z\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndryshuar k\u00ebt\u00eb gjendje, at\u00ebher\u00eb kan\u00eb par\u00eb si alternativ\u00eb largimin. Ata duhet t\u2019u japin z\u00eb qytetar\u00ebve, ta pyesin qytetarin, t\u00eb konsultohen me qytetarin, jo nj\u00eb her\u00eb n\u00eb 4 vjet duke i vjedhur vot\u00ebn\u201d.<\/p>\n S\u00eb dyti, Xhepa sheh si zgjidhje q\u00eb pun\u00ebdh\u00ebn\u00ebsit t\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb strategji. \u201cNuk mund t\u00eb thuhet q\u00eb ne kemi vende pune, kur vendet e pun\u00ebs paguajn\u00eb paga, t\u00eb cilat nuk i japin mund\u00ebsi t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuarit edhe t\u00eb kaloj\u00eb pragun e varf\u00ebris\u00eb. Njer\u00ebzit sot presin q\u00eb t\u00eb ken\u00eb nj\u00eb pun\u00eb, me t\u00eb cil\u00ebn t\u00eb marrin mbrapsht nj\u00eb pag\u00eb e cila t\u2019u mund\u00ebsoj\u00eb atyre nj\u00eb standard normal t\u00eb jetes\u00ebs. Jo luks, por nj\u00eb standard normal jetese. Sigurisht q\u00eb nuk mund t\u00eb presin t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn pag\u00eb si n\u00eb Gjermani por ama standardin, respektin dhe dinjitetin njer\u00ebzor n\u00eb vendin e pun\u00ebs e meritojn\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb\u201d.<\/p>\n P\u00ebr sociologun G\u00ebzim Tushi duhet nd\u00ebrhyr\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb gjith\u00eb fushat. \u201cPolitika \u00ebsht\u00eb p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsja kryesore p\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb situat\u00eb. Ky vend nuk do t\u00eb ndryshoj\u00eb nga kjo status quo, n\u00ebqoft\u00ebse ata q\u00eb e drejtojn\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb vend, pra klasa politike por edhe elita intelektuale padyshim, nuk do t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb l\u00ebvizje cil\u00ebsore n\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha fushat. Q\u00eb do t\u00eb thot\u00eb: n\u00eb jet\u00ebn urbane, n\u00eb jet\u00ebn private, n\u00eb arsim, n\u00eb sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsi, n\u00eb politik\u00eb, n\u00eb ekonomi, n\u00eb financa, n\u00eb akademi, n\u00eb universitete. Vet\u00ebm k\u00ebshtu ne mund t\u2019i rrisim kreditet e k\u00ebtij vendi, vet\u00ebm k\u00ebshtu ne mund t\u2019u themi njer\u00ebzve q\u00eb: Po, ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb vend q\u00eb po b\u00ebhet i jetuesh\u00ebm dhe jo domosdoshm\u00ebrisht t\u00eb gjith\u00eb duhet t\u00eb ikim nga ky vend dhe ta braktisim at\u00eb. Sepse jo vet\u00ebm q\u00eb do t\u00eb ndodh\u00eb plakja e popullsis\u00eb, por ka parashikime ogurzeza q\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 2050 do t\u00eb mbetemi nj\u00eb milion e gjysm\u00eb banor\u00eb n\u00eb Shqip\u00ebri. Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb gj\u00eb shum\u00eb e frikshme\u201d.\/ DW<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Gjat\u00eb vitit 2018, 38.703 shqiptar\u00eb lan\u00eb vendin p\u00ebr t\u00eb emigruar jasht\u00eb kufijve. M\u00eb her\u00ebt, n\u00eb vitet 2011-2017 u num\u00ebruan 330 mij\u00eb persona q\u00eb ik\u00ebn si emigrant\u00eb. Shifrat b\u00ebhen publike zyrtarisht nga Instituti i Statistikave. Situata \u00ebsht\u00eb serioze, thon\u00eb ekspert\u00ebt. Ata k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb nga klasa politike q\u00eb t\u00eb nd\u00ebrhyhet sa m\u00eb par\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndaluar k\u00ebt\u00eb fenomen, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":4,"featured_media":89924,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[241,231,235],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-89923","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-aktualitet","8":"category-lajme","9":"category-vendi"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89923","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/4"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=89923"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/89923\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/89924"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=89923"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=89923"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=89923"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}