S\u00eb fundmi, Komisioni Evropian, ka b\u00ebr\u00eb publik raportin p\u00ebr zhvillimin ekonomik t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb dhe t\u00eb vendeve t\u00eb rajonit t\u00eb Ballkanit Per\u00ebndimor, p\u00ebr vitin 2019. P\u00ebr sa i p\u00ebrket Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb, situata paraqitet krejt\u00ebsisht ndryshe nga si e propagandon qeveria Rama.<\/p>\n
\u201cThembra e Akilit\u201d p\u00ebr vendin ton\u00eb, duket se \u00ebsht\u00eb\u00a0 modeli ekonomik i bazuar n\u00eb PPP, apo tregu i pa zhvilluar energjetik. Gjithashtu n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb raport t\u00eb KE-s\u00eb t\u00eb zbardhur nga Shekulli, shkruhet \u201ce bardha n\u00eb t\u00eb zez\u00eb\u201d, se Shqip\u00ebria\u00a0 nuk arrin dot q\u00eb t\u00eb grumbulloj\u00eb t\u00eb ardhura t\u00eb mjaftueshme, si pasoj\u00eb edhe e informalitetit t\u00eb lart\u00eb n\u00eb ekonomi. Por cilat jan\u00eb rreziqet kryesore p\u00ebr ekonomin\u00eb e\u00a0 Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb sipas Kmisionit Europian?!<\/p>\n
Rreziqet fiskale<\/p>\n
Rreziqet kryesore p\u00ebr konsolidimin fiskal jan\u00eb: nj\u00eb ngadal\u00ebsim n\u00eb rritjen ekonomike dhe n\u00ebnvler\u00ebsimi i rreziqeve fiskale nga dob\u00ebsit\u00eb n\u00eb menaxhimin e financave publike, (si n\u00eb nivelin qendror ashtu edhe n\u00eb at\u00eb t\u00eb qeverisjes vendore). Analiza e rrezikut t\u00eb ERP-s\u00eb, konfirmon se objektivat e konsolidimit fiskal nuk mund t\u00eb arrihen n\u00ebse ka nj\u00eb ngadal\u00ebsim t\u00eb ndjesh\u00ebm n\u00eb rritjen ekonomike t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Rreziqet kryesore p\u00ebr zvog\u00eblimin e borxhit jan\u00eb n\u00ebnvler\u00ebsimi i rreziqeve fiskale q\u00eb lidhen me t\u00eb dyja detyrimet nga nd\u00ebrmarrjet publike dhe numri n\u00eb rritje i PPP-ve. PPP-t\u00eb tani kan\u00eb arritur nj\u00eb vler\u00eb prej 31% t\u00eb PBB-s\u00eb, me projekte shtes\u00eb t\u00eb planifikuara q\u00eb do t\u00eb rrisin vler\u00ebn e p\u00ebrgjithshme me 15 p\u00ebr qind t\u00eb PBB-s\u00eb p\u00ebr vitin 2019.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn koh\u00eb, nuk ka pasur rritje korresponduese t\u00eb numrit t\u00eb stafit n\u00eb dispozicion, p\u00ebr t\u00eb monitoruar dhe vler\u00ebsuar k\u00ebto kontrata dhe projekte komplekse. Kjo do t\u00eb thot\u00eb q\u00eb financat publike dhe detyrimet q\u00eb lidhen me PPP-t\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb duke u vler\u00ebsuar t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht dhe regjistruar statistikisht. Informacioni mbi borxhin e garantuar publikisht ndryshon n\u00eb mes t\u00eb shifr\u00ebs s\u00eb dh\u00ebn\u00eb nga ERP (3.3% e rritjes s\u00eb PBB-s\u00eb n\u00eb 5-6% t\u00eb PBB-s\u00eb n\u00eb periudh\u00ebn afatmesme) dhe Institucionet e tjera (2.9% e PBB-s\u00eb, parashikohet t\u00eb ulet n\u00eb 2.6% t\u00eb PBB-s\u00eb nga 2021).<\/p>\n
Nuk duket t\u00eb ket\u00eb ndonj\u00eb analiz\u00eb t\u00eb rrezikut t\u00eb k\u00ebtij borxhi t\u00eb garantuar publikisht. Menaxhimi i dob\u00ebt i financave publike ka \u00e7uar n\u00eb nj\u00eb gjendje borxhi t\u00eb pagimit t\u00eb borxheve nga qeverit\u00eb lokale dhe nga rimbursimet e TVSH-s\u00eb. FMN vler\u00ebsoi se k\u00ebto borxhe ishin me vler\u00eb 1.5% t\u00eb PBB deri n\u00eb fund t\u00eb vitit 2018. Ka pasur gjithashtu borxhe n\u00eb korporatat publike t\u00eb energjis\u00eb dhe ndoshta n\u00eb ente t\u00eb tjera publike. K\u00ebto vonesa nuk trajtohen n\u00eb Raporti Financiar Vjetor, por sigurisht p\u00ebrfshirja e tyre e sakt\u00eb si shpenzime, mund t\u00eb rris\u00eb deficitin fiskal dhe ndoshta t\u00eb rris\u00eb nevojat e financimit.<\/p>\n
Financat publike<\/p>\n
Financat publike t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb vazhdojn\u00eb t\u00eb vuajn\u00eb nga nivele relativisht t\u00eb ul\u00ebta t\u00eb grumbullimit t\u00eb taksave dhe informalitetit n\u00eb nivelet e larta. Megjith\u00ebse \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb p\u00ebrparim i duksh\u00ebm n\u00eb mbledhjen e taksave dhe administrimin, tatimin e t\u00eb ardhurave si p\u00ebrqindje e PBB-s\u00eb mbeten n\u00ebn mesataren rajonale dhe sistemi i sigurimeve shoq\u00ebrore \u00ebsht\u00eb duke vuajtur nga nj\u00eb deficit i madh.<\/p>\n
Mobilizimi i ul\u00ebt i t\u00eb ardhurave \u00ebsht\u00eb kryesisht p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb madh\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb madhe t\u00eb informalitetit n\u00eb ekonomi, por gjithashtu i atribuohet evazionit t\u00eb gjer\u00eb t\u00eb taksave apo kontributeve sociale \u2013 madje edhe n\u00eb (p.sh. duke p\u00ebrdorur \u00e7mime m\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebta ose paga p\u00ebr deklaratat tatimore).<\/p>\n
Lidhja midis objektivave t\u00eb politikave dhe alokimeve p\u00ebrkat\u00ebse buxhetore mbetet e dob\u00ebt. N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, investimet publike jan\u00eb fokusuar n\u00eb infrastruktur\u00ebn fizike p\u00ebr t\u00eb trajtuar infrastruktur\u00ebn e madhe t\u00eb t\u00eb hendekut t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb, i cili \u00ebsht\u00eb kryesisht n\u00eb energji por edhe n\u00eb furnizimin me uj\u00eb. Megjithat\u00eb, alokimet aktuale t\u00eb investimeve luhat\u00ebn ndjesh\u00ebm n\u00eb mes t\u00eb sektor\u00ebve nga viti n\u00eb vit. Alokimet p\u00ebr sh\u00ebndetin dhe arsimin jan\u00eb n\u00ebn nivelin e mesatares rajonale, dhe mbulimi i mbrojtjes sociale \u00ebsht\u00eb i ul\u00ebt.<\/p>\n
Qeveria planifikon t\u00eb ul\u00eb edhe m\u00eb tutje shp\u00ebrndarjet tashm\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebta n\u00eb arsim (q\u00eb do t\u00eb bien nga 2.5% n\u00eb 2.2% t\u00eb PBB-s\u00eb), sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsia (e cila do t\u00eb bjer\u00eb nga 3.0% n\u00eb 2.7% t\u00eb PBB) dhe mbrojtja sociale (e cila do t\u00eb bjer\u00eb nga 9.0% n\u00eb 8.6% t\u00eb PBB) mbi periudh\u00eb programore. K\u00ebto plane alokimi nuk ndihmojn\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb trajtuar ikjen e trurit dhe mungesat e t\u00eb kualifikuarve t\u00eb pun\u00ebs.<\/p>\n
As ata nuk ndihmojn\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb inkurajuar konvergjenc\u00ebn ndaj standardeve evropiane n\u00eb k\u00ebto fusha. Nd\u00ebrsa shpenzimet aktuale do t\u00eb mbeten n\u00eb nj\u00eb nivel t\u00eb arsyesh\u00ebm, planet e pun\u00ebsimit t\u00eb qeveris\u00eb p\u00ebr personelin n\u00eb sektorin publik duket se jan\u00eb n\u00ebn-ekzekutim. Kjo mund t\u00eb \u00e7oj\u00eb n\u00eb mungesa n\u00eb staf (dhe problemet e m\u00ebvonshme t\u00eb cil\u00ebsis\u00eb p\u00ebr financat publike dhe menaxhimin e investimeve publike) n\u00eb nj\u00eb koh\u00eb kur buxheti planifikon t\u00eb rris\u00eb shpenzimet p\u00ebr kapitalin.<\/p>\n
Sfidat kryesore<\/p>\n
P\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimi i r\u00ebnd\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb tregut t\u00eb pun\u00ebs, cil\u00ebsis\u00eb dhe politikave t\u00eb pun\u00ebsimit aktiv, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb aft\u00ebsimin e t\u00eb rriturve. Politikat aktive t\u00eb tregut t\u00eb pun\u00ebs tregojn\u00eb disa p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsime n\u00eb vitin 2018, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht n\u00eb nd\u00ebrmjet\u00ebsimin e vendeve t\u00eb pun\u00ebs, por mbetet i paarritsh\u00ebm, i pa financuar, i kufizuar n\u00eb hap\u00ebsir\u00eb ??dhe i pa disponuesh\u00ebm n\u00eb zonat rurale.<\/p>\n
Pun\u00ebsimi n\u00eb programet e promovimit (EPP) nuk jan\u00eb n\u00eb sh\u00ebnjest\u00ebr apo t\u00eb p\u00ebrshtatura p\u00ebr personat e papun\u00eb q\u00eb jan\u00eb m\u00eb shum\u00eb n\u00eb nevoj\u00eb, t\u00eb tilla si t\u00eb papun\u00ebt afatgjat\u00eb, grat\u00eb me p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsi familjare, p\u00ebrfitues t\u00eb ndihm\u00ebs ekonomike, t\u00eb moshuarit, rom\u00ebt\/egjiptian\u00ebt.<\/p>\n
N\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi, programet nuk ofrojn\u00eb nj\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje adekuate p\u00ebr pun\u00ebk\u00ebrkuesit e preksh\u00ebm p\u00ebr t\u00eb kaluar n\u00eb programet m\u00eb t\u00eb larta t\u00eb produktivitetit ose p\u00ebr t\u00eb integruar tregun e pun\u00ebs n\u00eb nj\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme.<\/p>\n
Nj\u00eb lloj tjet\u00ebr politikash aktive, jan\u00eb kurse t\u00eb formimit profesional, t\u00eb cilat n\u00eb p\u00ebrgjith\u00ebsi kan\u00eb nj\u00eb cil\u00ebsi shum\u00eb t\u00eb ul\u00ebt p\u00ebr nj\u00eb tranzicion t\u00eb suksessh\u00ebm n\u00eb tregun e pun\u00ebs. T\u00eb rinjt\u00eb (15-29) p\u00ebrballen me nj\u00eb treg t\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb pune, me pothuajse 30% t\u00eb tyre, t\u00eb cil\u00ebt nuk jan\u00eb n\u00eb pun\u00ebsim, arsim apo trajnim.<\/p>\n
T\u00eb rinjt\u00eb gjithashtu nuk jan\u00eb v\u00ebn\u00eb n\u00eb sh\u00ebnjest\u00ebr nga EPP. Nd\u00ebrsa numri i student\u00ebve t\u00eb regjistruar n\u00eb shkoll\u00eb t\u00eb mesme \u00ebsht\u00eb rritur nd\u00ebrsa p\u00ebr arsimin profesionale pjes\u00ebmarrja \u00ebsht\u00eb ende e ul\u00ebt. Kalimi i tregut t\u00eb pun\u00ebs nga Aft\u00ebsimi Profesional \u00ebsht\u00eb mjaft i ul\u00ebt (46.9% t\u00eb pun\u00ebsuar nj\u00eb vit pas diplomimit).<\/p>\n
Reforma \u00ebsht\u00eb vonuar, duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsimin e cil\u00ebsis\u00eb n\u00eb ofert\u00eb dhe r\u00ebnd\u00ebsin\u00eb e saj ndaj tregut t\u00eb pun\u00ebs, lidhjet me sektorin privat dhe qasjen. Riintegrimi i personave n\u00eb nevoj\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb i pamjaftuesh\u00ebm si sh\u00ebrbime t\u00eb kujdesit social, p\u00ebrgjegj\u00ebsia p\u00ebr t\u00eb cil\u00ebn \u00ebsht\u00eb decentralizuar n\u00eb nivelin lokal, mungojn\u00eb n\u00eb shum\u00eb ose jan\u00eb t\u00eb pazhvilluara.<\/p>\n
Shum\u00eb nj\u00ebsi t\u00eb qeverisjes vendore nuk kan\u00eb kapacitete dhe burime p\u00ebr t\u00eb planifikuar dhe ofrojn\u00eb sh\u00ebrbime t\u00eb kujdesit social dhe pothuajse gjysma e tyre nuk kan\u00eb p\u00ebrvoj\u00eb p\u00ebr shkak t\u00eb mos ekzistimit t\u00eb tyre n\u00eb territorin e tyre. Qeveria qendrore nuk duket se i kushton v\u00ebmendje t\u00eb mjaftueshme k\u00ebsaj \u00e7\u00ebshtjeje.<\/p>\n
Arsimi dhe kujdesi i f\u00ebmij\u00ebris\u00eb s\u00eb hershme vuan nga mungesa e korniz\u00ebs s\u00eb politikave, investimi shum\u00eb i ul\u00ebt dhe regjistrimi i ul\u00ebt i f\u00ebmij\u00ebve nga familjet e rrezikuara. Mungon mungesa e sh\u00ebrbimeve t\u00eb kujdesit sh\u00ebndet\u00ebsor dhe t\u00eb kujdesit social, nj\u00eb penges\u00eb shtes\u00eb p\u00ebr pun\u00ebsimin e grave, shkalla e pun\u00ebsimit e t\u00eb cil\u00ebve \u00ebsht\u00eb 14 p\u00ebr qind m\u00eb e ul\u00ebt se ajo e burra.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
S\u00eb fundmi, Komisioni Evropian, ka b\u00ebr\u00eb publik raportin p\u00ebr zhvillimin ekonomik t\u00eb Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb dhe t\u00eb vendeve t\u00eb rajonit t\u00eb Ballkanit Per\u00ebndimor, p\u00ebr vitin 2019. P\u00ebr sa i p\u00ebrket Shqip\u00ebris\u00eb, situata paraqitet krejt\u00ebsisht ndryshe nga si e propagandon qeveria Rama. \u201cThembra e Akilit\u201d p\u00ebr vendin ton\u00eb, duket se \u00ebsht\u00eb\u00a0 modeli ekonomik i bazuar n\u00eb PPP, apo […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2013,"featured_media":75640,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[241,235],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-94882","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-aktualitet","8":"category-vendi"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94882","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2013"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=94882"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/94882\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/75640"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=94882"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=94882"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=94882"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}