<\/p>\n
Prej koh\u00ebsh shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt po k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb dhe po testojn\u00eb n\u00eb laborator tipologji t\u00eb ndryshme nanomakinash. N\u00eb thelb, b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb struktur\u00eb molekulare detyra e s\u00eb cil\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb kryej\u00eb funksione t\u00eb caktuara me dobishm\u00ebri t\u00eb sakt\u00eb: p\u00ebr shembull, t\u2019i jap\u00eb ila\u00e7et nj\u00eb organi t\u00eb s\u00ebmur\u00eb, t\u00eb identifikoj\u00eb nj\u00eb agjent patogjen dhe ta mbuloj\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Me t\u2019u lindur nanorobot\u00ebt e par\u00eb, do t\u00eb mund t\u00eb kontribuojn\u00eb n\u00eb kolonizimin e Marsit dhe t\u00eb planeteve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb?<\/p>\n
K\u00ebtyre pyetjeve u p\u00ebrgjigjet Ben Feringa, Profesor n\u00eb Universitetin e Groningenit n\u00eb Holland\u00eb. N\u00eb vitin 2016, bashk\u00eb me francezin Jean-Pierre Sauvage dhe me skocezin J. Fraser Stoddart ka fituar \u00c7mimin Nobel p\u00ebr projektimin dhe sintez\u00ebn e makinave molekulare.<\/p>\n
Nanomakinat tuaja p\u00ebrb\u00ebhen nga element\u00eb krejt\u00ebsisht t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm si karboni, azoti apo squfuri. A mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajn\u00eb edhe element\u00eb m\u00eb \u201cekzotik\u00eb\u201d si metale t\u00eb rralla apo substance radioaktive?<\/p>\n
K\u00ebsaj pyetjeje \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb q\u00eb t\u2019i p\u00ebrgjigjesh p\u00ebr nj\u00eb arsye t\u00eb thjesht\u00eb: deri m\u00eb sot nuk dim\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb jan\u00eb dhe \u00e7far\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb k\u00ebto struktura molekulare. Pavar\u00ebsisht nanomotor\u00ebve tan\u00eb, nanorotor\u00eb dhe element t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm paraqesin diferenca t\u00eb m\u00ebdha n\u00eb nivel strukturor, t\u00eb gjith\u00eb ne (un\u00eb, Stoddart, Sauvage dhe shum\u00eb koleg\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb) p\u00ebr momentin po punojm\u00eb ekskluzivisht me molekula organike. Qartazi q\u00eb askush nuk na pengon t\u00eb mendojm\u00eb se \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb krijohet di\u00e7ka e ngjashme duke p\u00ebrdorur n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb unike p\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00ebs inorganik\u00eb. P\u00ebr shembull, duke shp\u00ebrb\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb p\u00ebrzierje komplekse dhe duke i future, pik\u00ebrisht ashtu si\u00e7 ndodh me motor\u00ebt tan\u00eb molekular\u00eb, q\u00eb t\u00eb rrotullohen rreth aksit t\u00eb tyre. por, p\u00ebr hir t\u00eb s\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebs, askush nuk ka krijuar akoma nanomotor\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebsaj natyre. Dhe arsyeja \u00ebsht\u00eb e thjesht\u00eb. Fal\u00eb zhvillimit t\u00eb farmaceutik\u00ebs dhe t\u00eb kimis\u00eb s\u00eb polimer\u00ebve kemi studiuar dhe sintetizuar mir\u00eb e me shpejt\u00ebsi p\u00ebrzierje komplekse me baz\u00eb zinxhir\u00eb hidrogjeni. Jam i bindur se e nj\u00ebjta gj\u00eb mund t\u00eb b\u00ebhet me p\u00ebrzierjet inorganike, por p\u00ebr ta b\u00ebr\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb duhet t\u00eb kuptojm\u00eb sesi t\u2019i bashkojm\u00eb k\u00ebto molekula. N\u00ebqoft\u00ebse flasim p\u00ebr izotop\u00eb radioaktiv\u00eb, nuk besoj se do t\u00eb b\u00ebhen ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb pjes\u00eb e nanomakinave. Karakteristikat e pazakonta dhe paq\u00ebndrueshm\u00ebria e tyre i b\u00ebjn\u00eb t\u00eb pap\u00ebrshtatshme p\u00ebr t\u00eb qen\u00eb pjes\u00eb e sistemeve t\u00eb q\u00ebndrueshme molekulare q\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin drit\u00ebn apo elektricitetin si burim energjie. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kuptim, p\u00ebr ne jan\u00eb m\u00eb interesant\u00eb motor\u00eb molekular\u00eb biologjik\u00eb q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb pranish\u00ebm n\u00eb trupin e njeriut n\u00eb qindra variante. K\u00ebta motor\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb gjitha makina proteinike, shum\u00eb prej t\u00eb cilave p\u00ebrmbajn\u00eb atome metalesh. Gjithnj\u00eb e m\u00eb shum\u00eb luajn\u00eb nj\u00eb rol ky\u00e7 n\u00eb ato reagime q\u00eb i shtyjn\u00eb biomakinat t\u00eb vihen n\u00eb l\u00ebvizje. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, sipas mendimit tim, kombinimi i lidhjeve t\u00eb metaleve dhe i p\u00ebrzierjeve organike q\u00eb na rrethojn\u00eb p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebsojn\u00eb nj\u00eb zgjidhje m\u00eb premtuese.<\/p>\n
K\u00ebt\u00eb vit festojm\u00eb p\u00ebrvjetorin e 150-t\u00eb e Tabel\u00ebs Periodike t\u00eb Mendelejevit. A mund t\u00eb na shpjegoni se n\u00eb \u00e7far\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb ky objektiv tashm\u00eb i lasht\u00eb i shkenc\u00ebs na mund\u00ebson q\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebjm\u00eb zbulime t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme akoma sot?<\/p>\n
Tabela e Mendelejevit na ndihmon n\u00eb fakt gjithmon\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrcaktojm\u00eb sesi sillen tipologji t\u00eb ndryshme atomesh dhe t\u00eb parashikojm\u00eb karakteristikat e disa p\u00ebrzierjeve. P\u00ebr shembull, n\u00eb disa tipologji t\u00eb motor\u00ebve tan\u00eb jan\u00eb integruar atome oksigjeni. Fal\u00eb Tabel\u00ebs dim\u00eb se squfuri do t\u00eb ket\u00eb karakteristika t\u00eb ngjashme me oksigjenin, por do t\u00eb ket\u00eb p\u00ebrmasa m\u00eb t\u00eb m\u00ebdha. Kjo na mund\u00ebson q\u00eb t\u00eb menaxhojm\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb fleksib\u00ebl sjelljen e k\u00ebtyre makinave molekulare, duke z\u00ebvend\u00ebsuar oksigjenin me squfurin dhe anasjelltas. Duksh\u00ebm q\u00eb shanset tona t\u00eb parashikimit nuk kufizohen n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb. Ekzistojn\u00eb parametra t\u00eb shumt\u00eb t\u00eb zbuluara koh\u00ebt e fundit q\u00eb na mund\u00ebsojn\u00eb t\u00eb parashikojm\u00eb disa karakteristika t\u00eb nanomakinave. Megjithat\u00eb, dyshoj se do t\u00eb arrijm\u00eb t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb di\u00e7ka t\u00eb ngjashme me nj\u00eb tabel\u00eb periodike p\u00ebr nanostruktura si k\u00ebto. P\u00ebr momentin nuk kemi dije t\u00eb mjaftueshme p\u00ebr ta b\u00ebr\u00eb, gjithmon\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb jet\u00eb e mundur. P\u00ebr shembull, mund t\u00eb parashikojm\u00eb sesi do t\u00eb sillen motor\u00eb molekular\u00eb me p\u00ebrmasa t\u00eb ndryshme dhe t\u00eb ngjashme p\u00ebr nga struktura, por nuk jemi n\u00eb gjendje q\u00eb ta b\u00ebjm\u00eb p\u00ebr sistemi shum\u00eb t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm midis tyre apo t\u00eb projektojm\u00eb di\u00e7ka nga zeroja pa kryer eksperimente.<\/p>\n
Koh\u00ebt e fundit ju keni th\u00ebn\u00eb se nanorobot\u00ebt e par\u00eb n\u00eb kuptimin e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb t\u00eb fjal\u00ebs do t\u00eb lindin pas nja 50 vitesh. Por vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb vit e gjysm\u00eb m\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb Franc\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb zhvilluar \u201cgara\u201d e par\u00eb e k\u00ebtyre nanomakinave. Sa do t\u00eb duhet q\u00eb t\u00eb lindin nanostruktura autonome?<\/p>\n
Duhet kuptuar se t\u00eb gjith\u00eb molekulare ekzistuese sot jan\u00eb shum\u00eb primitive si p\u00ebr nga struktura, ashtu edhe p\u00ebr nga destinacioni. N\u00eb fakt edhe makina jon\u00eb, e krijuar m\u00eb 2011, por edhe ata \u201cmakina garash\u201d q\u00eb ju p\u00ebrmend\u00ebt, jan\u00eb krijuar jo p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhur probleme praktik\u00eb, por p\u00ebr t\u00eb k\u00ebnaqur ndonj\u00eb kuriozitet. Si ne, ashtu edhe koleg\u00ebt tan\u00eb, po krijojm\u00eb struktura t\u00eb k\u00ebtij lloji p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhur probleme shum\u00eb t\u00eb thjeshta: k\u00ebrkojm\u00eb t\u00eb kuptojm\u00eb sesi t\u00eb shtyhen molekulat q\u00eb t\u00eb l\u00ebvizin n\u00eb nj\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb caktuar, t\u00eb ndalen apo t\u00eb zbatojn\u00eb komanda t\u00eb thjeshta. Ky \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb objektiv interesant, por thjesht akademik. Hapi i m\u00ebtejsh\u00ebm do t\u00eb jet\u00eb tashm\u00eb m\u00eb kompleks dhe m\u00eb serioz. Do t\u00eb duhet t\u00eb kuptohet sesi \u00ebsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb p\u00ebrfshihen k\u00ebto struktura n\u00eb ekzekutimin e detyrave m\u00eb praktike: t\u00eb transportojn\u00eb pesha, t\u00eb formojn\u00eb struktura m\u00eb m\u00ebkomplekse, t\u00eb reagojn\u00eb ndaj stimujve t\u00eb jasht\u00ebm. P\u00ebr shembull, nanomakinat mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren p\u00ebr krijimin e dritareve \u201cinteligjente\u201d, q\u00eb duke reaguar n\u00eb nivelin e ndri\u00e7imit t\u00eb pranish\u00ebm n\u00eb rrug\u00eb, t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje q\u00eb t\u00eb err\u00ebsohen ose jo. Ose, m\u00eb tej akoma, p\u00ebr sintez\u00ebn e antibiotik\u00ebve q\u00eb aktivizohen vet\u00ebm n\u00eb prani t\u00eb nj\u00eb sinjali t\u00eb caktuar kimik apo t\u00eb ndritsh\u00ebm. K\u00ebto risi do t\u2019i shp\u00ebrndahen publikut t\u00eb gjer\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb p\u00ebrpara nga sa mendonin, qysh n\u00eb 10 vitet e ardhshme. Krijimi i nanorobot\u00ebve n\u00eb kuptimin e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb t\u00eb fjal\u00ebs, n\u00eb gjendje q\u00eb t\u00eb kryejn\u00eb operacione n\u00eb brend\u00ebsi t\u00eb organizmit dhe t\u00eb zgjidhin probleme komplekse, do t\u00eb k\u00ebrkoj\u00eb patjet\u00ebr shum\u00eb koh\u00eb, por, e theksoj, jam i bindur se kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb brenda mund\u00ebsive tona. N\u00eb trupin njer\u00ebzor ekziston nj\u00eb sasi e pafundme robot\u00ebsh t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm dhe nuk na ndalon askush q\u00eb t\u2019i b\u00ebjm\u00eb kopje artificiale. Nga ana tjet\u00ebr, si\u00e7 e kam th\u00ebn\u00eb tashm\u00eb, ne n\u00eb nivel zhvillimi p\u00ebr momentin ndodhemi n\u00eb t\u00eb nj\u00ebjt\u00ebn pik\u00eb n\u00eb t\u00eb cil\u00ebn ndodheshin v\u00ebllez\u00ebrit Wright kur po projektonin avionin e par\u00eb. Fillimisht duhet t\u00eb kuptojm\u00eb se pse dhe \u00e7far\u00eb do t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb. M\u00eb pas do t\u00eb kuptojm\u00eb si. Sipas mendimit tim, nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e domosdoshme q\u00eb t\u00eb kopjohet sakt\u00ebsisht ajo q\u00eb na ka dh\u00ebn\u00eb natyra. Nganj\u00ebher\u00eb sistemet krejt\u00ebsisht artificiale, si avion\u00ebt dhe \u00e7ipet, jan\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb t\u00eb thjeshta p\u00ebr t\u2019u krijuar se nj\u00eb krah apo nj\u00eb tru njer\u00ebzor. N\u00eb raste t\u00eb tjera \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e thjesht\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb merret ajo q\u00eb kan\u00eb krijuar tashm\u00eb organizmat e gjall\u00eb, sui antikorpe t\u00eb caktuara, dhe t\u2019u integrosh nj\u00eb ila\u00e7 apo nj\u00eb komponenteje nanomakine. K\u00ebto qasje zbatohen tashm\u00eb n\u00eb Mjek\u00ebsi. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye, nuk mund t\u00eb thuhet n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb univoke se nj\u00eb prej k\u00ebtyre rrug\u00ebve \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e drejta dhe m\u00eb premtuesja p\u00ebr t\u00eb gjitha tipologjit\u00eb e nanorobot\u00ebve.<\/p>\n
Gjat\u00eb viteve t\u00eb fundit jan\u00eb shfaqur dy kategori nanomakinash: struktura relativisht t\u00eb thjeshta q\u00eb marrin energji nga jasht\u00eb dhe struktura n\u00eb fakt m\u00eb komplekse (krejt\u00ebsisht t\u00eb ngjashme me motor\u00eb) n\u00eb gjendje q\u00eb t\u00eb prodhojn\u00eb energji n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb autonome. Cilat prej tyre jan\u00eb m\u00eb af\u00ebr me realitetin?<\/p>\n
Motor\u00ebt kimik\u00eb, pjes\u00ebrisht t\u00eb ngjash\u00ebm me ato t\u00eb pranish\u00ebm n\u00eb qeliza, kan\u00eb nisur t\u00eb lindin v\u00ebrtet. N\u00eb fakt, relativisht von\u00eb kemi krijuar disa struktura t\u00eb ngjashme n\u00eb laboratorin ton\u00eb. P\u00ebr shembull, kemi arritur t\u00eb sintetizojm\u00eb nj\u00eb nanomakin\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje q\u00eb t\u00eb p\u00ebrdor\u00eb glukoz\u00ebn dhe peroksidin e hidrogjenit si karburant dhe t\u00eb transportoj\u00eb nanotube, nanopjes\u00ebza dhe struktura t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb r\u00ebnda n\u00eb nj\u00eb drejtim t\u00eb caktuar. \u00cbsht\u00eb e v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb thuhet sesa jan\u00eb premtuese, pasi gjith\u00e7ka varet nga problemet t\u00eb cilat dalin p\u00ebrpara. N\u00ebse do duhej t\u00eb organizonim transportimin e disa molekulave, at\u00ebhere qet\u00ebsisht mund t\u2019i p\u00ebrdornim k\u00ebto molekula. Megjithat\u00eb, p\u00ebr krijimin e dritareve dhe dispozitiv\u00ebve t\u00eb tjer\u00eb inteligjent\u00eb, duhet t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorim nj\u00eb material tjet\u00ebr. Ve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, akoma nuk kuptojm\u00eb se \u00e7far\u00eb na mungon, cilat analoge t\u00eb makinave klasike mund t\u00eb krijojm\u00eb duke p\u00ebrdorur molekulat dhe n\u00eb \u00e7far\u00eb drejtimi mund t\u00eb shkoj\u00eb ky sektor. Praktikisht, jemi vet\u00ebm n\u00eb fillim. P\u00ebr momentin dim\u00eb me siguri vet\u00ebm nj\u00eb gj\u00eb: nanomakinat jan\u00eb t\u00eb ndryshme nga biomakinat e pranishme n\u00eb qelizat tona dhe nga \u201cmotrat e m\u00ebdha\u201d t\u00eb tyre t\u00eb pranishme n\u00eb t\u00eb ashtuquajtur\u00ebn makrobot\u00eb.<\/p>\n
A do t\u00eb jet\u00eb e mundur n\u00eb nj\u00eb t\u00eb ardhme t\u00eb larg\u00ebt t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren makina molekulare n\u00eb gjendje q\u00eb t\u00eb kopjohen p\u00ebr t\u00eb zgjidhur probleme me natyr\u00eb globale si pushtimi i Marsit dhe i planeteve t\u00eb tjera?<\/p>\n
\u00cbsht\u00eb v\u00ebshtir\u00eb t\u00eb flitet p\u00ebr planete t\u00eb tjera, pasi \u00e7\u00ebshtja \u00ebsht\u00eb jasht\u00eb dijeve t\u00eb mia. Megjithat\u00eb, sipas mendimit tim, nuk ka t\u00eb ngjar\u00eb q\u00eb nanomakinat t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren n\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kuptim. Kur tentojm\u00eb t\u00eb pushtojm\u00eb nj\u00eb ambient t\u00eb ri dhe armiq\u00ebsor, na duhen teknologji shum\u00eb t\u00eb besueshme dhe jo di\u00e7ka eksperimentale. P\u00ebr k\u00ebt\u00eb arsye mendoj se makina t\u00eb tilla m\u00eb par\u00eb duhet t\u00eb gjejn\u00eb nj\u00eb zbatim t\u00eb tyrin n\u00eb Tok\u00eb. Mund t\u00eb themi se kjo tashm\u00eb po ndodh: gjat\u00eb viteve t\u00eb fundit kimist\u00ebt kan\u00eb krijuar qindra struktura shum\u00eb komplekse t\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebra nga molekula t\u00eb shumta, t\u00eb ashtuquajturat struktura mbimolekulare q\u00eb mund t\u00eb bashkohen n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb selektive me jone t\u00eb caktuara dhe t\u00eb injorojn\u00eb t\u00eb tjer\u00eb. P\u00ebr shembull, kolegu im Stoddart ka themeluar koh\u00ebt e fundit nj\u00eb startup p\u00ebr krijimin e strukturave n\u00eb gjendje q\u00eb t\u00eb nxjerrin ar nga mbeturinat e bizneseve minerare. N\u00eb t\u00eb kaluar\u00ebn, krijimi i p\u00ebrzierjeve t\u00eb ngjashme konsiderohej fantashkenc\u00eb nga alkimist\u00ebt.<\/p>\n
T\u00eb folurit p\u00ebr nanomakinat shkakton shpesh nj\u00eb frik\u00eb iracionale n\u00eb publikun e gjer\u00eb, i cili frik\u00ebsohet se mos k\u00ebto robot\u00eb mikroskopik\u00eb t\u00eb s\u00eb ardhmes mund ta shkat\u00ebrrojn\u00eb qytet\u00ebrimin njer\u00ebzor dhe \u00e7do form\u00eb jete n\u00eb Tok\u00eb. \u00cbsht\u00eb e mundur t\u00eb zgjidhet ky problem?<\/p>\n
K\u00ebto probleme jan\u00eb ngusht\u00ebsisht t\u00eb lidhura me librin \u201cMotor\u00eb krijimi\u201d e Erik Drexler t\u00eb vitit 1986 dhe me skenarin e zhdukjes s\u00eb njer\u00ebzimit t\u00eb ndodhur si pasoj\u00eb e vet\u00ebshum\u00ebfishimit t\u00eb asaj \u201csubstance t\u00eb hirt\u00eb\u201d q\u00eb sot e njohin n\u00eb fakt t\u00eb gjith\u00eb. N\u00eb realitet, nuk ka asgj\u00eb t\u00eb pazakont\u00eb: duke krijuar nanomakina t\u00eb reja, marrim t\u00eb gjitha masat q\u00eb do t\u00eb merreshin n\u00eb krijimin e substancave t\u00eb reja kimike potencialisht helmuese. N\u00eb k\u00ebt\u00eb kuptim, komponent\u00ebt e nanorobot\u00ebve nuk ndahen p\u00ebr nga potenciale shkat\u00ebrrues prej \u201ctullave\u201d q\u00eb p\u00ebrb\u00ebjn\u00eb molekulat e ila\u00e7eve t\u00eb reja, polimereve dhe, katalizator\u00ebve dhe produkteve \u201ctradicionale\u201d t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb kimis\u00eb. Si \u00e7do ila\u00e7 apo produkt tjet\u00ebr ushqimor, k\u00ebto struktura molekulare duhet t\u2019i n\u00ebnshtrohen nj\u00eb numri t\u00eb madh testeve t\u00eb siguris\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb demonstrojn\u00eb se jan\u00eb ose jo n\u00eb gjendje q\u00eb ta \u201cshuajn\u00eb\u201d dhe shkat\u00ebrrojn\u00eb njer\u00ebzimin. N\u00eb realitet, k\u00ebto frik\u00ebra sigurisht q\u00eb nuk jan\u00eb befasuese: njeriu tenton q\u00eb t\u00eb frik\u00ebsohet nga ajo q\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e re dhe e pazakont\u00eb. \u00c7do dekad\u00eb fizika, kimia dhe biologjia prpdhojn\u00eb nj\u00eb frik\u00eb t\u00eb re q\u00eb z\u00ebvend\u00ebson t\u00eb m\u00ebparshmet. P\u00ebr shembull, tani \u00ebsht\u00eb n\u00eb mod\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb kihet frik\u00eb nga sistemi i editimit genomik CRISPR\/Cas9 dhe inteligjenca artificiale. \u00c7far\u00eb duhet t\u00eb b\u00ebjn\u00eb shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt? Sipas mendimit tim, detyra jon\u00eb \u00ebsht\u00eb e thjesht\u00eb: duhet ta ndihmojm\u00eb publikun e gjer\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb ndaj\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00ebn nga g\u00ebnjeshtra. Duhen kuptuar se \u00e7far\u00eb avantazhesh praktike mund t\u00eb sjellin k\u00ebto shpikje dhe n\u00eb \u00e7far\u00eb konsiston rrezikshm\u00ebria e tyre. p\u00ebr shembull, sikur njer\u00ebzit ta kuptonin se CRISPR\/Cas9 mund t\u00eb kuroj\u00eb s\u00ebmundje genetike dhe t\u00eb rris\u00eb t\u00eb korrat, do t\u00eb kiheshin m\u00eb pak arsye p\u00ebr t\u2019ju frik\u00ebsuar k\u00ebsaj teknologjie. E nj\u00ebjta gj\u00eb vlen edhe p\u00ebr nanomakinat e s\u00eb ardhmes.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Prej koh\u00ebsh shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt po k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb dhe po testojn\u00eb n\u00eb laborator tipologji t\u00eb ndryshme nanomakinash. N\u00eb thelb, b\u00ebhet fjal\u00eb p\u00ebr nj\u00eb struktur\u00eb molekulare detyra e s\u00eb cil\u00ebs \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb t\u00eb kryej\u00eb funksione t\u00eb caktuara me dobishm\u00ebri t\u00eb sakt\u00eb: p\u00ebr shembull, t\u2019i jap\u00eb ila\u00e7et nj\u00eb organi t\u00eb s\u00ebmur\u00eb, t\u00eb identifikoj\u00eb nj\u00eb agjent patogjen dhe ta mbuloj\u00eb. […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2013,"featured_media":96318,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[241,205],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-96317","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-aktualitet","8":"category-teknologji"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/96317","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2013"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=96317"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/96317\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/96318"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=96317"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=96317"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=96317"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}