<\/p>\n
Ndaluni nj\u00eb moment dhe imagjinoni Adolf Hitlerin. Imagjinojeni at\u00eb n\u00eb mendjen tuaj. \u00c7far\u00eb shihni? Un\u00eb imagjinoj, se ju po shihni nj\u00eb imazh q\u00eb nuk ndryshon shum\u00eb nga portretizimi i Hitlerit n\u00eb filmin \u201cDownfall\u201d (R\u00ebnia) i vitit 2004. Nj\u00eb karakter agresiv, q\u00eb ul\u00ebret, dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb i pandjesh\u00ebm.<\/p>\n
Aktori gjerman Bruno Ganz, i cili luajti Hitlerin tek ky film, tronditi aq shum\u00eb shikuesit sa q\u00eb nj\u00eb nga skenat kryesore t\u00eb filmit, \u00ebsht\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb virale n\u00eb internet, duke u p\u00ebrdorur p\u00ebr mesazhe te ndryshme satirike me titrat e ndryshuara. Por, nd\u00ebrsa \u00ebsht\u00eb e v\u00ebrtet\u00eb q\u00eb n\u00eb dit\u00ebt e tij t\u00eb fundit, Hitleri kishte dal\u00eb nga binar\u00ebt, ai moment nuk p\u00ebrfaq\u00ebson gjith\u00eb historin\u00eb.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebr m\u00eb tep\u00ebr, problemi \u00ebsht\u00eb se ky imazh p\u00ebrk\u00ebdhel nj\u00eb d\u00ebshir\u00eb t\u00eb thell\u00eb, q\u00eb un\u00eb mendoj se e ka fshehurazi shumica prej nesh. Ne duam q\u00eb Hitleri t\u00eb jet\u00eb i \u00e7mendur, nga fillimi deri n\u00eb fund. Ne duam q\u00eb Hitleri t\u00eb jet\u00eb i \u00e7mendur, p\u00ebr shkak se ai kryen krime monstruoze, ve\u00e7an\u00ebrisht gjat\u00eb Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore, q\u00eb jan\u00eb t\u00eb lehta p\u00ebr t\u2018u shpjeguar.<\/p>\n
\u00cbsht\u00eb e thjesht\u00eb, mund t\u2019i themi vetes:Qetesohu, Hitleri ishte nj\u00eb i \u00e7mendur q\u00eb hipnotizoi miliona gjerman\u00eb t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm, p\u00ebr t\u00eb b\u00ebr\u00eb gj\u00ebra kund\u00ebr gjykimit t\u00eb tyre racional. N\u00eb fakt, ai nuk ishte i \u00e7mendur, dhe nuk hipnotizoi ask\u00ebnd. Hitleri u b\u00eb kancelari i Gjermanis\u00eb n\u00eb janarin e vitit 1933 me mjete demokratike.<\/p>\n
Nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e mir\u00eb e elit\u00ebs gjermane \u2013 njer\u00ebz t\u00eb mpreht\u00eb e t\u00eb men\u00e7ur \u2013 vendos\u00ebn ta mb\u00ebshtesnin. Por p\u00ebrse ata mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebn nj\u00eb t\u00eb marr\u00eb? Dhe m\u00ebnyra sesi Hitleri e drejtoi partin\u00eb e tij midis viteve 1930-1933, tregoi se ishte nj\u00eb politikan i zgjuar, por t\u00ebr\u00ebsisht i paskrupullt.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebrllogaritjet e tij, rreth asaj se ku q\u00ebndronte v\u00ebrtet pushteti n\u00eb Gjermani, dhe se si t\u2019i manipulonte m\u00eb mir\u00eb emocionet e gjerman\u00ebve t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm, ishin shum\u00eb t\u00eb sofistikuara.<\/p>\n
P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, Hitleri krijoi nj\u00eb mb\u00ebshtetje t\u00eb madhe dhe t\u00eb sinqert\u00eb. Pik\u00ebpamjet e tij, shpesh p\u00ebrputheshin me ato t\u00eb nj\u00eb numri t\u00eb madh t\u00eb popullsis\u00eb gjermane.<\/p>\n
Un\u00eb kam realizuar filma dokumentar\u00eb, dhe shkruar libra rreth nazist\u00ebve dhe Luft\u00ebs s\u00eb Dyt\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore p\u00ebr 20 vjet me rradh\u00eb, dhe kam takuar qindra njer\u00ebz q\u00eb kan\u00eb jetuar gjat\u00eb asaj periudhe \u2013 duke p\u00ebrfshir\u00eb shum\u00eb nga ata q\u00eb kan\u00eb takuar personalisht Adolf Hitlerin.<\/p>\n
Dhe imazhi q\u00eb ata pikturojn\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb shum\u00eb m\u00eb kompleks dhe m\u00eb i nuancuar, se sa sjelljet e nj\u00eb t\u00eb \u00e7menduri n\u00eb filmin q\u00eb p\u00ebrmend\u00ebm m\u00eb lart. Shum\u00eb prej tyre flasin n\u00eb ve\u00e7anti p\u00ebr \u201ckarizm\u00ebn\u201d e pabesueshme q\u00eb ata mendonin se zot\u00ebronte Hitleri. P\u00ebr shembull, Fridolin von Shpaun, u takua me Hitlerin n\u00eb nj\u00eb dark\u00eb me p\u00ebrkrah\u00ebsit nazist\u00eb n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb viteve 1930.<\/p>\n
Kur pa Hitlerin q\u00eb po e v\u00ebshtronte, ai ndjeu sikur syt\u00eb e Hitlerit po dep\u00ebrtonin direkt n\u00eb mendimet e tij m\u00eb t\u00eb thella. Dhe kur Hitleri i hodhi nj\u00eb moment duart mbi shpin\u00eb von Shpaun, ndjeu \u201cnj\u00eb dridhje nga gishtat e tij q\u00eb m\u00eb penetronin\u201d. \u201cUn\u00eb n\u00eb fakt e ndjeva at\u00eb. Nuk ishte nj\u00eb dridhje nervore. P\u00ebrkundrazi, ndjeva se ky njeri, ky trup, \u00ebsht\u00eb thjeshte mjeti p\u00ebr t\u00eb zbatuar nj\u00eb vullnet t\u00eb madh, t\u00eb gjith\u00ebfuqish\u00ebm k\u00ebtu n\u00eb Tok\u00eb. Sipas pik\u00ebpamjes sime, kjo ishte nj\u00eb mrekulli\u201d- kujton ai.<\/p>\n
Nd\u00ebrkoh\u00eb Emil Klein, i cili e d\u00ebgjoi Hitlerin t\u00eb fliste n\u00eb nj\u00eb birrarit t\u00eb Mynihut n\u00eb vitet 1920, beson se Hitleri \u201ckishte nj\u00eb kariz\u00ebm t\u00eb till\u00eb, q\u00eb njer\u00ebzit e besonin gjith\u00e7ka q\u00eb ai thoshte\u201d. Ajo q\u00eb m\u00ebsojm\u00eb nga d\u00ebshmitar\u00ebt okular\u00eb si von Shpaun dhe Klein, \u00ebsht\u00eb se karizma \u00ebsht\u00eb elementi i par\u00eb dhe m\u00eb kryesor n\u00eb lidhjen midis njer\u00ebzve.<\/p>\n
Askush nuk mund t\u00eb jet\u00eb karizmatik, i vet\u00ebm n\u00eb nj\u00eb ishull t\u00eb shkret\u00eb. Karizma formohet n\u00eb nj\u00eb marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie. Sikurse shkruante ambasadori britanik n\u00eb Berlin n\u00eb vitet 1930, Hitleri \u201cia detyron suksesin e tij luft\u00ebs p\u00ebr pushtet, faktit q\u00eb ai ishte reflektimi i mendjes s\u00eb pavet\u00ebdijshme t\u00eb p\u00ebrkrah\u00ebsve t\u00eb tij, dhe i aft\u00ebsis\u00eb s\u00eb tij p\u00ebr t\u00eb shprehur me fjal\u00eb, at\u00eb q\u00eb mendja e pavet\u00ebdijshme mendonte se donte\u201d.<\/p>\n
Kjo \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb pik\u00ebpamje e konfirmuar nga Konrad Heiden, i cili d\u00ebgjoi Hitlerin t\u00eb fliste shum\u00eb her\u00eb n\u00eb vitet 1920:\u201dFjalimet e tij, fillojn\u00eb gjithmon\u00eb me nj\u00eb pesimiz\u00ebm t\u00eb thell\u00eb dhe mbarojn\u00eb me nj\u00eb entuziaz\u00ebm t\u00eb madh, nj\u00eb fund t\u00eb g\u00ebzuesh\u00ebm triumfal. Shpesh ato mund t\u00eb refuzohen nga arsyeja, por ndjekin logjik\u00ebn m\u00eb t\u00eb fuqishme t\u00eb pavet\u00ebdijes, t\u00eb cil\u00ebn nuk mund ta prek\u00eb asnj\u00eb p\u00ebrg\u00ebnjeshtrim\u2026\u201d<\/p>\n
Njer\u00ebzit si von Shpaun dhe Emil Klein, ishin t\u00eb predispozuar ta cil\u00ebsonin Hitlerin karizmatik, sepse ata tashm\u00eb besonin n\u00eb shumic\u00ebn e politikave q\u00eb mbronte Hitleri. K\u00ebshtu b\u00ebri edhe Albert Shper, q\u00eb mori pjes\u00eb p\u00ebr her\u00eb t\u00eb par\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb nga fjalimet e Hitlerit n\u00eb fillim t\u00eb viteve 1930:\u201dUn\u00eb u p\u00ebrfshiva nga vala e entuziazmit, dhe k\u00ebt\u00eb gati e ndieja fizikisht. Ai dukej se ndjente se po shprehte at\u00eb q\u00eb audienca, e transformuar tashm\u00eb n\u00eb nj\u00eb mas\u00eb t\u00eb vetme, priste prej tij\u201d- shprehet ai.<\/p>\n
Por n\u00ebse nuk do t\u00eb besonit n\u00eb politikat q\u00eb propagandonte Hitleri, at\u00ebher\u00eb ai nuk ushtronte asnj\u00eb pushtet karizmatik. P\u00ebr shembull, Jozef Felder, ishte i tmerruar kur d\u00ebgjoi p\u00ebrhapjen e urrejtjes s\u00eb Hitlerit kund\u00ebr hebrenjve:\u201dKur u largova nga takimi,nN\u00eb nj\u00eb moment i thash\u00eb mikut tim:\u201dP\u00ebrshtypja ime \u00ebsht\u00eb q\u00eb ky njeri, Hitleri, shpresoj t\u00eb mos t\u00eb vij\u00eb kurr\u00eb n\u00eb pushtet!\u201c.<\/p>\n
Megjithat\u00eb, n\u00ebse Hitleri krijonte nj\u00eb lidhje me auditorin e tij, at\u00ebher\u00eb ai nd\u00ebrtonte mbi at\u00eb lidhje nj\u00eb num\u00ebr m\u00ebnyrash t\u00eb tjera p\u00ebr t\u00eb konsoliduar k\u00ebt\u00eb lidhje karizmatike. \u00c7\u2019\u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme, ai ishte gjithnj\u00eb i sigurt n\u00eb gjykimet e tij. Ai nuk shprehte kurr\u00eb dyshime p\u00ebr ndonj\u00eb gj\u00eb para audienc\u00ebs s\u00eb tij.<\/p>\n
Ai i njihte problemet me t\u00eb cilat ballafaqohej Gjermania, dhe ai tha se i njihte zgjidhjet. P\u00ebrve\u00e7 k\u00ebsaj, ai paraqiti veten si nj\u00eb figur\u00eb heroike \u2013 nj\u00eb ushtar i thjesht\u00eb dhe trim nga Lufta e Par\u00eb Bot\u00ebrore \u2013 i cili donte q\u00eb mb\u00ebshtet\u00ebsit e tij t\u00eb kishin \u201cbesim\u201d tek ai. P\u00ebr pasoj\u00eb, disa p\u00ebrkrah\u00ebs t\u00eb nazist\u00ebve, madje b\u00ebn\u00eb krahasime blasfemuese mes Hitlerit dhe Jezusit \u2013 t\u00eb dy kishin qen\u00eb 30 vje\u00e7 kur filluan \u201cpredikimin\u201d, dhe q\u00eb t\u00eb dy synuan \u201cshp\u00ebtimin\u201d e popullit t\u00eb tyre.<\/p>\n
Por n\u00eb vitin 1928, 9 vjet pasi Hitleri u anat\u00ebsua n\u00eb Partin\u00eb Gjermane t\u00eb Pun\u00ebtor\u00ebve, dhe 7 vjet pasi u b\u00eb udh\u00ebheq\u00ebs i partis\u00eb, dukej sikur partia naziste nuk do t\u00eb vinte asnj\u00ebher\u00eb n\u00eb pushtet. N\u00eb zgjedhjet e atij viti, nazist\u00ebt mor\u00ebn vet\u00ebm 2.6 p\u00ebrqind t\u00eb votave.<\/p>\n
U desh r\u00ebnia e bursave n\u00eb Uoll Strit, dhe kriza e tmerrshme ekonomike e fillimit t\u00eb viteve 1930, q\u00eb b\u00ebri miliona gjerman\u00eb t\u00eb b\u00ebheshin t\u00eb v\u00ebmendsh\u00ebm ndaj apelit t\u00eb Hitlerit. Papritmas, p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit si studentja Juta Rydiger, thirrja e Hitlerit p\u00ebr nj\u00eb ringjallje komb\u00ebtare, e b\u00ebri at\u00eb t\u00eb dukej si \u201csjell\u00ebsi i shp\u00ebtimit\u201d.<\/p>\n
Aq shum\u00eb, sa q\u00eb n\u00eb vitin 1932 nazist\u00ebt ishin papritur partia m\u00eb e madhe politike n\u00eb Gjermani. Elita gjermane, ishte m\u00eb e shqet\u00ebsuar p\u00ebr rreziqet q\u00eb vinin nga komunizmi sesa nga nazizmi. Pasditen e s\u00eb diel\u00ebs s\u00eb 29 janarit 1933, presidenti Hindenburg ra dakord t\u00eb em\u00ebroj\u00eb Hitlerin si kancelar. Ky moment, sinjalizoi fundin e demokracis\u00eb n\u00eb Gjermani.<\/p>\n
Historia e em\u00ebrimit t\u00eb Hitlerit si kancelar, na m\u00ebson disa gj\u00ebra t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme. Ne zbulojm\u00eb se Hitleri ishte nj\u00eb politikan instinktiv dhe jasht\u00ebzakonisht i fuqish\u00ebm \u2013 por vite drit\u00eb larg njeriut t\u00eb demoralizuar dhe t\u00eb \u00e7mendur, t\u00eb portretizuar tek filmi \u201cDownfall\u201d.<\/p>\n
Mbi t\u00eb gjitha, ne mund t\u00eb shohim aty fuqin\u00eb e situat\u00ebs p\u00ebr t\u00eb ndryshuar perceptimin. Hitleri u refuzua si nj\u00eb figur\u00eb periferike n\u00eb vitin 1928, por u lavd\u00ebrua nga miliona njer\u00ebz n\u00eb vitin 1933. Ajo q\u00eb ndryshoi nuk ishte Hitleri, por situata. Katastrofa ekonomike, b\u00ebri q\u00eb nj\u00eb num\u00ebr i madh gjerman\u00ebsh t\u00eb k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb nj\u00eb \u201cshp\u00ebtim\u201d karizmatik. Nd\u00ebrsa sot shohim t\u00eb shpalosen ngjarjet ekonomike n\u00eb Evrop\u00eb, \u00ebsht\u00eb e pamundur t\u00eb imagjinohet nj\u00eb paralajm\u00ebrim m\u00eb i madh nga historia sesa ky.<\/p>\n
Mar\u00eb me shkurtime<\/p>\n
Sh\u00ebnim: Laurence Rees, \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb historian dhe regjisor i mir\u00ebnjohur, dhe autori i librit \u201cKarizma e err\u00ebt e Adolf Hitlerit\u201d. N\u00eb vitin 2006 ai fitoi \u00e7mimin \u201cBritish Book Award\u201d p\u00ebr librin \u201cAushvic: Nazist\u00ebt dhe zgjidhja p\u00ebrfundimtare\u201d.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Ndaluni nj\u00eb moment dhe imagjinoni Adolf Hitlerin. Imagjinojeni at\u00eb n\u00eb mendjen tuaj. \u00c7far\u00eb shihni? Un\u00eb imagjinoj, se ju po shihni nj\u00eb imazh q\u00eb nuk ndryshon shum\u00eb nga portretizimi i Hitlerit n\u00eb filmin \u201cDownfall\u201d (R\u00ebnia) i vitit 2004. Nj\u00eb karakter agresiv, q\u00eb ul\u00ebret, dhe \u00ebsht\u00eb i pandjesh\u00ebm. Aktori gjerman Bruno Ganz, i cili luajti Hitlerin […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2013,"featured_media":98571,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[241,191],"tags":[],"class_list":{"0":"post-98570","1":"post","2":"type-post","3":"status-publish","4":"format-standard","5":"has-post-thumbnail","7":"category-aktualitet","8":"category-bota"},"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98570","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2013"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=98570"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/98570\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/98571"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=98570"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=98570"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/zjarr.tv\/sq\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=98570"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}